Assessment of influenza and COVID-19 vaccine epidemiologic efficacy in the 2020–2021, 2021–2022, 2022–2023 seasons in Novosibirsk
- Authors: Saroyan T.A.1, Kurskaya O.G.1, Solomatina M.V.1, Sharshov K.A.1, Shestopalov А.M.1, Erofeeva M.K.2, Stukova M.A.2, Buzitskaya Z.V.2, Lioznov D.A.2,3
-
Affiliations:
- Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine (FRC FTM)
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza
- Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University (Pavlov University)
- Issue: Vol 15, No 1 (2025)
- Pages: 134-142
- Section: ORIGINAL ARTICLES
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/2220-7619/article/view/292136
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-AOI-17672
- ID: 292136
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
Vaccination prevents the development of disease and severe complications, as well as reducing economic losses and expenditure on costly treatments and rehabilitation. Goal. The goal of this study is to assess the epidemiological effectiveness of domestic influenza and COVID-19 vaccines during the epidemic seasons 2020–2021, 2021–2022, and 2022–2023 in Novosibirsk. Materials and methods. We conducted prospective cohort studies to evaluate the effectiveness of domestic influenza and COVID-19 vaccines. A total of 9000 men and women were selected to participate in the study based on inclusion criteria. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected to verify the presence of relevant causative agents. Vaccines were administered during pre-epidemic seasons from September to December in 2020, 2021, and 2022. Results. During the first period (2020–2021), no cases of influenza disease were reported in the Novosibirsk district, so it was impossible to compare the effectiveness of influenza vaccines. However, during the second period (2021–2022), influenza incidence among unvaccinated individuals was 2.6%. No cases were detected among vaccinated individuals, which also not allowed to assess vaccination preventive effect. During the study period, COVID-19 incidence was 21.9% and 3.1% among unvaccinated vs. vaccinated people, respectively. When evaluating the effectiveness of domestic COVID-19 vaccines during this period, the incidence of infection (IE) was 7.06 and the clinical effectiveness (CE) was 85.8%. In the third period of the study (the 2022–2023 season), influenza incidence was 8.8% among unvaccinated subjects and 0.3% among vaccinated subjects. The incidence of COVID-19 infection among unvaccinated and vaccinated subjects was 3.6% and 0.25%, respectively. Conclusion. When analyzing the epidemiological effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, it was found that adults vaccinated against COVID-19 in the 2021–2022 and 2022–2023 seasons were 7.1–14.4 times less likely to become infected. The protection rate ranged from 85.8% to 93.1%, indicating the effectiveness of the vaccines. The study also revealed significant changes in the etiological pattern of acute respiratory viral infections during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results may indicate a loss of the dominant role for SARS-CoV-2 in acute respiratory infections in 2023 and a gradual return to the active circulation of other viruses, such as influenza and other pathogens.
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Teresa A. Saroyan
Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine (FRC FTM)
Author for correspondence.
Email: tasaroian@frcftm.ru
Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Infections
Russian Federation, NovosibirskO. G. Kurskaya
Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine (FRC FTM)
Email: tasaroian@frcftm.ru
PhD (Medicine), Head of the Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Infections; Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses
Russian Federation, NovosibirskM. V. Solomatina
Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine (FRC FTM)
Email: tasaroian@frcftm.ru
PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses
Russian Federation, NovosibirskK. A. Sharshov
Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine (FRC FTM)
Email: tasaroian@frcftm.ru
PhD (Biology), Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses
Russian Federation, NovosibirskА. M. Shestopalov
Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine (FRC FTM)
Email: tasaroian@frcftm.ru
DSc (Biology), Professor, Director of the Institute of Virology
Russian Federation, NovosibirskM. K. Erofeeva
Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza
Email: tasaroian@frcftm.ru
DSc (Medicine), Head of the Laboratory of Trials of Novel Remedies for Antiviral Protection
Russian Federation, St. PetersburgM. A. Stukova
Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza
Email: tasaroian@frcftm.ru
PhD (Medicine), Head of the Laboratory of Vector Vaccines
Russian Federation, St. PetersburgZh. V. Buzitskaya
Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza
Email: tasaroian@frcftm.ru
PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Vector Vaccines
Russian Federation, St. PetersburgD. A. Lioznov
Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza; Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University (Pavlov University)
Email: tasaroian@frcftm.ru
DSc (Medicine), Professor, Director; Head of the Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg; St. PetersburgReferences
- Ерофеева М.К., Максакова В.Л., Шахланская Е.В., Стукова М.А. Возможности современной вакцинопрофилактики гриппа // Поликлиника. 2020. Т. 1, № 2. С. 52–56. [Erofeeva M.K., Maksakova V.L., Shakhlanskaya E.V., Stukova M.A. Opportunities of modern influenza vaccine prophylaxis. Poliklinika = Polyclinic, 2020, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 52–56. (In Russ.)]
- Ерофеева М.К., Стукова М.А., Шахланская Е.В., Бузицкая Ж.В., Максакова В.Л., Крайнова Т.И., Писарева М.М., Попов А.Б., Позднякова М.Г., Лиознов Д.А. Оценка профилактической эффективности гриппозных вакцин // Эпидемиология и вакцинопрофилактика. 2021. Т. 20, № 5. С. 52–60. [Erofeeva M.K., Stukova M.A., Shakhlanskaya E.V., Buzitskaya Zh.V., Maksakova V.L., Krainova T.I., Pisareva M.M., Popov A.B., Pozdnjakova M.G., Lioznov D.A. Evaluation of the preventive effectiveness of influenza vaccines in the epidemic season 2019–2020 in St. Petersburg. Epidemiologiya i vaktsinoprofilaktika = Epidemiology and Vaccine Prophylaxis, 2021, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 52–60. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-5-52-60-52-60
- Капля-Бубенец В. Четырехвалентные вакцины: путь к снижению бремени гриппа // Ремедиум. 2018. № 7–8. С. 42–43. [Kaplya-Bubenets V. Quadrivalent vaccines: a way to reduce the burden of influenza. Remedium = Remedium, 2018, no. 7–8, pp. 42–43. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.21518/1561-5936-2018-7-8-42-43
- Ларина В.Н., Захарова М.И., Беневская В.Ф., Головко М.Г., Соловьев С.С. Острые респираторные вирусные инфекции и грипп: этиология, диагностика и алгоритм лечения // Русский медицинский журнал. Медицинское обозрение. 2019. № 9. С. 18–23. [Larina V.N., Zakharova M.I., Benevskaya V.F., Golovko M.G., Solov’ev S.S. Acute respiratory viral infections and influenza: etiology, diagnosis and treatment algorithm. Russkii meditsinskii zhurnal. Meditsinskoe obozrenie = Russian Medical Journal. Medical Review, 2019, no. 9, рp. 18–23. (In Russ.)]
- О состоянии санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения в Новосибирской области в 2021 гг.: Государственный доклад. 272 с. [On the state of sanitary and epidemiologic well-being of the population in the Novosibirsk region in 2021: state report. 272 p. (In Russ.)]
- Попова А.Ю., Ежлова Е.Б., Мельникова А.А., Фролова Н.В., Михеев В.Н., Рыжиков А.Б., Ильичева Т.Н., Домкина А.М., Михеева И.В., Салтыкова Т.С. Влияние ежегодной иммунизации населения против гриппа на заболеваемость этой инфекцией в Российской Федерации // Эпидемиология и вакцинопрофилактика. 2016. № 1 (86). С. 48–55. [Popova A.Yu., Ezhlova E.B., Melnikova A.A., Miheev V.N., Ryzhikov A.B., Ilicheva T.N., Domkina A.M., Mikheeva I.V., Saltykova T.S., Saltykova T.S. The Impact Annual Immunization against Flu on Morbidity of Flu in the Russian Federation. Epidemiologiya i vaktsinoprofilaktika = Epidemiology and Vaccine Prophylaxis, 2016, vol. 15, no. 1, pр. 48–55. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.31631/2073-3046-2016-15-1-48-55
- Романенко В.В., Осипова И.В., Лиозонов Д.А., Анкудинова А.В., Чебыкина Т.В. Результаты клинических исследований по оценке безопасности и эффективности полимер-субъединичной адъювантной гриппозной вакцины при сочетанном использовании иммуномодулятора у лиц 60 лет и старше // Эпидемиология и вакцинопрофилактика. 2016. Т. 4, № 71. С. 64–70. [Romanenko V.V., Osipova I.V., Lioznov D.A., Martsevich S.Yu., Ankudinova A.V., Chebykina T.V. Clinical study of safety and efficacy of a polymer-subunit adjuvant influenza vaccine applied in combination with an immune modulator in people aged 60 and over. Epidemiologiya i vaktsinoprofilaktika = Epidemiology and Vaccine Prophylaxis, 2016, vol. 15, no. 5, pр. 63–71. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.31631/2073-3046-2016-15-5-63-71
- Johnson A.G., Linde L., Ali A.R., DeSantis A., Shi M., Adam C., Armstrong B., Armstrong B., Asbell M., Auche S., Bayoumi N.S., Bingay B., Chasse M., Christofferson S., Cima M., Cueto K., Cunningham S., Delgadillo J., Dorabawila V., Drenzek C., Dupervil B., Durant T., Fleischauer A., Hamilton R., Harrington P., Hicks L., Hodis J.D., Hoefer D., Horrocks S., Hoskins M., Husain S., Ingram L.A., Jara A., Jones A., Kanishka F.N.U., Kaur R., Khan S.I., Kirkendall S., Lauro P., Lyons S., Mansfield J., Markelz A., Masarik J. 3rd, McCormick D., Mendoza E., Morris K.J., Omoike E., Patel K., Pike M.A., Pilishvili T., Praetorius K., Reed I.G., Severson R.L., Sigalo N., Stanislawski E., Stich S., Tilakaratne B.P., Turner K.A., Wiedeman C., Zaldivar A., Silk B.J., Scobie H.M. COVID-19 incidence and mortality among unvaccinated and vaccinated persons aged ≥ 12 years by receipt of bivalent booster doses and time since vaccination — 24 U.S. Jurisdictions, October 3, 2021 – December 24, 2022. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep., 2023, vol. 72, no. 6, pp. 145–152. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7206a3
- Kiseleva I., Ksenafontov A. COVID-19 shuts doors to flu but keeps them open to rhinoviruses. Biology (Basel), 2021, vol. 10, no. 8: 733. doi: 10.3390/biology10080733
- Kurskaya O.G., Prokopyeva E.A., Sobolev I.A., Solomatina M.V., Saroyan T.A., Dubovitskiy N.A., Derko A.A., Nokhova A.R., Anoshina A.V., Leonova N.V., Simkina O.A., Komissarova T.V., Shestopalov A.M., Sharshov K.A. Changes in the etiology of acute respiratory infections among children in Novosibirsk, Russia, between 2019 and 2022: the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Viruses, 2023, vol. 15, no. 4: 934. doi: 10.3390/v15040934
- Poorolajal J. The global pandemics are getting more frequent and severe. J. Res. Health Sci., 2021, vol. 21, no. 1: e00502. doi: 10.34172/jrhs.2021.40
- Scobie H.M., Johnson A.G., Suthar A.B., Severson R., Alden N.B., Balter S., Bertolino D., Blythe D., Brady S., Cadwell B., Cheng I., Davidson S., Delgadillo J., Devinney K., Duchin J., Duwell M., Fisher R., Fleischauer A., Grant A., Griffin J., Haddix M., Hand J., Hanson M., Hawkins E., Herlihy R.K., Hicks L., Holtzman C., Hoskins M., Hyun J., Kaur R., Kay M., Kidrowski H., Kim C., Komatsu K., Kugeler K., Lewis M., Lyons B.C., Lyons S., Lynfield R., McCaffrey K., McMullen C., Milroy L., Meyer S., Nolen L., Patel M.R., Pogosjans S., Reese H.E., Saupe A., Sell J., Sokol T., Sosin D., Stanislawski E., Stevens K., Vest H., White K., Wilson E., MacNeil A., Ritchey M.D., Silk B.J. Monitoring incidence of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths, by vaccination status — 13 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4-July 17, 2021. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep., 2021, vol. 70, no. 37, pp. 1284–1290. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7037e1
- WHO. Coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard. URL: https://covid19.who.int (09.08.2023)
Supplementary files
