Salusin-α and salusin-β as new biological markers in cardiovascular diseases: literature review

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Abstract

Despite significant advances in medicine, cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of death worldwide. An important task in cardiology is the search and study of new cardiovascular biological markers. In recent years, salusins have attracted the interest of scientists. Salusins are endogenous biologically active peptides, which were first identified in 2003. Thus far, studies have demonstrated that salusin-α and salusin-β play important roles in vascular remodeling, inflammation, hypertension, and atherosclerotic processes. Salusin-α exhibits an antiatherogenic effect, whereas salusin-β plays a proatherogenic role. Despite the diverse biological, physiological, and pathophysiological aspects of salusins, the exact mechanism of their cardiovascular effects is not fully known. Further in-depth studies of the role of salusins in cardiovascular diseases are required. The regulation of the concentration and expression of salusin-α and salusin-β may prove to be a promising strategy for the treatment of patients with cardiac diseases.

About the authors

Amina M. Alieva

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: amisha_alieva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5416-8579
SPIN-code: 2749-6427

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), associate professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

Elena V. Reznik

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: elenaresnik@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7479-418X
SPIN-code: 3494-9080

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

Natalia V. Teplova

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: teplova.nv@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7181-4680
SPIN-code: 9056-1948

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

Malika Kh. Gyzyeva

Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute

Email: amisha_alieva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-9105-1191

student

Russian Federation, Pyatigorsk

Alik M. Rakhaev

Main Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise

Email: alikrahaev@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9601-1174
SPIN-code: 5166-8100

MD, Dr Sci. (Med.), Professor

Russian Federation, Nalchik

Irina A. Kotikova

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: kotikova.ia@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5352-8499
SPIN-code: 1423-7300

student

Russian Federation, Moscow

Igor G. Nikitin

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: igor.nikitin.64@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1699-0881
SPIN-code: 3595-1990

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Effects of salusin-α and salusin-β. Note. ACAT — acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase-1, IL-1β — interleukin-1β, MCP-1 — monocyte chemotactic protein-1, VCAM — cell adhesion molecule, Nox2 — nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2, ЛПНП — low density lipoproteins.

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3. Fig. 2. Effects of salusin-β. Note. TNF-α — tumor necrosis factor alpha, ЛПС — lipopolysaccharides, NAD(P)H — nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, MAPK — mitogen-activated protein kinase, ERK — extracellular signal-regulated kinases, JNK — C-Jun N-terminal kinase, IL-1β — interleukin-1β, MCP-1 — monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, ACAT — acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase-1, VCAM-1 — cell adhesion molecule-1, NF-κB — nuclear factor kappa B.

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