The influence of philosophical and legal thought of the Ancient East on the construction of political regimes of states

The relevance of this study stems from the need for a comprehensive analysis of the influence of Ancient Eastern philosophical and legal thought on the formation of political regimes in ancient states and the identification of the historical roots of modern political systems. The purpose of this article is to examine the principles of governance and legal order developed in the civilizations of Ancient Persia, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Babylon, Ancient India, and Ancient China, which became the foundation for the subsequent development of political thought and the structure of power. The materials and methods presented in this study are based on an analysis of ancient written sources, including the Avesta, the Teachings of Ptahhotep, the Laws of Hammurabi, the Dharmasutra, and the works of Confucius and other thinkers, using comparative historical and structural-functional methods. The study identified key concepts in the philosophy of governance, defined the role of the concepts of “law” and “morality” as instruments for regulating social relations, and analyzed the function of social hierarchy in stabilizing political systems. The study concludes by emphasizing the role of philosophical and legal concepts of the Ancient East, as well as their significant influence on the development of modern political regimes, which is confirmed by a comparative analysis of the priorities of ancient and modern Asian states.