Molecular mechanisms underlying therapeutic action of vitamin B6

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Abstract

The aim of the study was to analyze the molecular mechanisms that determine the possibility of using vitamin B6 in clinical practice for the correction of various pathological conditions.

Materials and methods. Information retrieval (Scopus, PubMed) and library (eLibrary) databases were used as research tools. In some cases, the ResearchGate application was used for a semantic search. The analysis and generalization of the scientific literature on the topic of research, covering the period from 1989 to the present, has been carried out in the work.

Results. It has been shown that all chemical forms of vitamin B6 are able to penetrate the membranes of most cells by free diffusion, while forming phosphorylated forms inside. Pyridoxal phosphate is a biologically important metabolite that is directly involved as a cofactor in a variety of intracellular reactions. Requirements for this cofactor depend on the age, sex and condition of the patient. Pregnancy and lactation play a special role in the consumption of vitamin B6. In most cases, a balanced diet will provide an acceptable level of this vitamin. At the same time, its deficiency leads to the development of a number of pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, inflammations and diabetes. Negative manifestations from the central nervous system are also possible with an excessive consumption of B6.

Conclusion. Replenishment of the vitamin B6 level in case of its identified deficiency is a necessary condition for the successful treatment of the central nervous system diseases, diabetes and correction of patients’ immune status. At the same time, it is necessary to observe a balanced intake of this cofactor in order to avoid negative effects on metabolism in case of its excess.

About the authors

Olga A. Zagubnaya

Institute of Cytochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; Biomedical Research Group, BiDiPharma GmbH

Email: oz_brg@icmph.org
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6623-6938

Junior Researcher, Department of Mathematical Modeling and Statistical Processing of Results, Institute of Cytochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; Research Fellow, Biomedical Research Group, BiDiPharma GmbH

Russian Federation, Bldg 14, 24, 6th Radialnaya St., Moscow, 115404; 5, Bültbek, Siek, 22962, Germany

Yaroslav R. Nartsissov

Institute of Cytochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; Biomedical Research Group, BiDiPharma GmbH

Author for correspondence.
Email: yn_brg@icmph.org
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9020-7686

Candidate of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics), Associate Professor in Biophysics, Head of the Sector of Mathematical Modeling and Statistical Processing of Results, Institute of Cytochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; Head of Biomedical Research Group, BiDiPharma GmbH

Russian Federation, Bldg 14, 24, 6th Radialnaya St., Moscow, 115404; 5, Bültbek, Siek, 22962, Germany

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Supplementary files

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2. Figure 1 – Mutual conversion of three B6 vitamers

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3. Figure 2 – Main ways of transport and tissue distribution of B6 vitamers

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4. Figure 3 – Generalized representation of PLP states in composition of active protein center, taking into account transition of internal aldimine to external, followed by quinonoid formation

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5. Figure 4 – Scheme of mutual influence processes leading to vitamin B6 deficiency and formation of diabetes mellitus

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Copyright (c) 2023 Zagubnaya O.A., Nartsissov Y.R.

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