Analysis of the condition of woody plants growing in urban ecosystems, using the example of the city of Donetsk

Urbanization and the steady development of cities entail a noticeable increase in anthropogenic pressure on the environment. In the conditions of Donbass, the main sources of pollution are metallurgical plants, coal mines, chemical and coke industry enterprises, as well as motor transport as the main source of noise in any megalopolis. Vehicle emissions contain a wide range of toxicants that have a negative impact on phytocenoses. As a result of the conducted research, the intensity of traffic flow (on average 1,330 ± 680 units/hour) and vibration-acoustic noise (exceeding the remote control by 37 ± 4% (according to the average values) and 24 ± 3% (according to their maxima)), as a complex indicator of anthropogenic pollution of the territory, the sites were ranked at 3 levels: high, by medium and low anthropopressing. The ecological significance of the anthropogenic impact was manifested in a decrease in the viability of woody plants and an increase in the number of damages. In areas with high traffic intensity (more than 1,000 units per hour) and increased noise pollution (over 30% of the maximum permissible level), the most pronounced negative biological effects were manifested.: a decrease in the proportion of trees in satisfactory condition and an increase in the number of plants with a high proportion of damage or in critical condition (21–57% of the sample). Morphological disorders such as trunk curvature, bark detachment, rot, changes in crown architecture, as well as mechanical damage disrupted the integrity of plant protective tissues. These factors create favorable conditions for the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms and pests, the development of putrefactive processes and the general deterioration of trees. 23 species of woody plants belonging to 13 different genera were identified in the study area, indicating a moderate level of species diversity. In terms of the number of species, the genus Ulmus L. and Acer L. are dominant. and Populus L. The number of specimens is dominated by Robinia pseudoacacia L., Ulmus laevis Pall., Acer pseudoplatanus L., Acer platanoides L., Ulmus pumila L., Syringa vulgaris L., Populus simonii Carriere, Ulmus glabra Huds., Acer saccharum Marshall, Populus bolleana Lauche, Sorbus intermedia (Ehrh.) Pers., Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall. Several main species have been identified that are susceptible to crowning and sanitary pruning: Ulmus laevis Pall., Ulmus glabra Huds., Ulmus pumila L. and Robinia pseudoacacia L. These plants were all in the age group of 50–59 years and had reached a critical age in the region. As a result of windstorms, which are increasingly occurring in the region, the skeletal branches of such plants are prone to breakage, as new shoots are weaker in attachment and easier to deform irreversibly.