Outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using detached and non-detached autografts: comparative analysis
- 作者: Kotelnikov G.P.1, Shcherbatov N.D.1, Kudashev D.S.1, Zuev-Ratnikov S.D.1
-
隶属关系:
- Samara State Medical University
- 期: 卷 31, 编号 3 (2025)
- 页面: 50-60
- 栏目: Clinical studies
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/2311-2905/article/view/326960
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/2311-2905-17725
- ID: 326960
如何引用文章
详细
Background. Despite the widespread use of autograft techniques for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, there remains a need to improve surgical methods aimed at enhancing graft osseointegration, reducing inflammatory responses, and preventing bone tunnel widening. Particular attention has been drawn to techniques that preserve the tibial insertion and ACL remnant. A systematic comparison of these approaches based on objective functional and morphological parameters is necessary.
The aim of the study — to conduct a comparative analysis of short-term and early outcomes of different anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction techniques.
Methods. The study included 112 patients stratified into four groups based on the type of ACL reconstruction performed: D — detached graft; N — non-detached graft; D+S — detached graft with remnant preservation; N+S — non-detached graft with remnant preservation. Clinical outcomes were evaluated at 6 and 12 months using the Lysholm score, IKDC, and KOOS, as well as MRI-based Signal-to-Noise Quotient (SNQ) and CT-based bone tunnel widening. Statistical analysis included one-way and multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA), as well as Principal Component Analysis (PCA).
Results. The comparative analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the groups across all evaluated parameters (p < 0.05), according to the ANOVA test. The best functional outcomes (Lysholm, KOOS, IKDC) and morphological indicators (SNQ ratio, bone tunnel widening) were observed in the N+S group. MANOVA and PCA confirmed spatial separation of groups, with a distinct cluster formed by N+S patients, indicating the superiority of this technique. All intergroup differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05).
Conclusion. The results suggest that the use of non-detached autografts in combination with preservation of anterior cruciate ligament remnant offers substantial potential for improving surgical outcomes in knee joint instability. However, large-scale randomized trials with long-term follow-up are needed to confirm these findings.
作者简介
Gennadiy Kotelnikov
Samara State Medical University
编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: g.p.kotelnikov@samsmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7456-6160
Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Full Member of the RAS
俄罗斯联邦, SamaraNikita Shcherbatov
Samara State Medical University
Email: niksherbatov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-7202-7471
俄罗斯联邦, Samara
Dmitry Kudashev
Samara State Medical University
Email: dmitrykudashew@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8002-7294
Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor
俄罗斯联邦, SamaraSergey Zuev-Ratnikov
Samara State Medical University
Email: stenocardia@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6471-123X
Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor
俄罗斯联邦, Samara参考
- Сапрыкин А.С., Гвоздев М.А., Рябинин М.В., Орлов Ю.Н. Историческое развитие реконструкции передней крестообразной связки. Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2020;(6):205. https:// doi.org/10.17513/spno.30440. Saprykin A.S., Gvozdev M.A., Ryabinin M.V., Orlov Y.N. Historical development of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Modern Problems of Science and Education. 2020;(6):205. (In Russian). https:// doi.org/10.17513/spno.30440.
- Заяц В.В., Дулаев А.К., Дыдыкин А.В., Ульянченко И.Н., Коломойцев А.В., Ковтун А.В. Анализ эффективности технологий артроскопической пластики передней крестообразной связки коленного сустава. Вестник хирургии имени И.И. Грекова. 2017;176(2):77-82. https://doi.org/10.24884/0042-4625-2017-176-2-77-82. Zayats V.V., Dulaev A.K., Dydykin A.V., Ul’ianchenko I.N., Kolomoitsev A.V., Kovtun A.V. Analysis of efficacy of arthroscopic plasty technologies of anterior cruciform ligament of knee joint based on anatomical position of autograft. Grekov’s Bulletin of Surgery. 2017;176(2):77-82. (In Russian). https:// doi.org/10.24884/0042-4625-2017-176-2-77-82.
- Гончаров Е.Н., Коваль О.А., Дубров В.Э., Безуглов Э.Н., Алёхин А.А., Гончаров Н.Г. Среднесрочные результаты одномоментного восстановления передней крестообразной и антеролатеральной связок коленного сустава у спортсменов. Травматология и ортопедия России. 2020;26(1):62-71. https://doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2020-26-1-62-71. Goncharov E.N., Koval O.A., Dubrov V.E., Bezuglov E.N., Alekhin A.A., Goncharov N.G. Mid-term results of simultaneous reconstruction of the anterior cruciate and anterolateral ligaments of the knee in athletes. Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2020;26(1):62-71. (In Russian). https:// doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2020-26-1-62-71.
- Михайлов И.Н., Пусева М.Э., Тишков Н.В., Монастырев В.В., Пономаренко Н.С., Бальжинимаев Д.Б. Современные способы тендопластики передней крестообразной связки (обзор литературы). Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2017;2(6):64-68. https:// doi.org/10.12737/article_5a0a864c6e0163.65998795. Mikhaylov I.N., Puseva M.E., Tishkov N.V., Monastyrev V.V., Ponomarenko N.S., Balzhinimayev D.B. Modern methods of anterior cruciate ligament tendoplasty (literature review). Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2017;2(6):64-68. (In Russian). https:// doi.org/10.12737/article_5a0a864c6e0163.65998795.
- Zdanowicz U., Ciszkowska-Łysoń B., Paśnik M., Drwięga M., Ratajczak K., Fulawka K. et al. Evaluation of ACL Graft Remodeling and Prediction of Graft Insufficiency in Sequenced MRI – Two-Year Follow-Up. Appl Sci. 2021;11:5278. https:// doi.org/10.3390/app11115278.
- Howell S.M., Clark J.A., Blasier R.D. Serial magnetic resonance imaging of hamstring anterior cruciate ligament autografts during the first year of implantation. A preliminary study. Am J Sports Med. 1991;19(1):42-47. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659101900107.
- Пупынин Д.Ю., Лычагин А.В., Грицюк А.А. Сравнительный анализ пятилетних результатов применения различных методик лечения разрывов передней крестообразной связки. Гений ортопедии. 2024;30(3):337-344. https:// doi.org/10.18019/1028-4427-2024-30-3-337-344. Pupynin D.Yu., Lychagin A.V., Gritsyuk A.A. Comparative analysis of five-year outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament tears repaired with different techniques. Genij Ortopedii. 2024;30(3):337-344. (In Russian). https:// doi.org/10.18019/1028-4427-2024-30-3-337-344.
- Velicheti S., Ramadugu A., Chalasani K., Kotagiri R., Padavala S. Evaluation of ACL graft by MRI: a pictorial review. J Glob Radiol. 2022;8(1):1. https:// doi.org/10.7191/jgr.2022.1151.
- Hopper G.P., Philippe C., El Helou A., Campos J.P., Vieira T.D., Döbele S. et al. Single AnteroMedial Bundle Biological Augmentation: SAMBBA Plus Technique for Combined ACL Repair and Reconstruction. Arthrosc Tech. 2023;12(1):e135-e139. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2022.09.003.
- Sonnery-Cottet B., Freychet B., Murphy C.G., Pupim B.H., Thaunat M. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Preservation: The Single-Anteromedial Bundle Biological Augmentation (SAMBBA) Technique. Arthrosc Tech. 2014;3(6):e689-e693. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2014.08.007.
- Заяц В.В. Несвободные трансплантаты в реконструктивной хирургии передней крестообразной связки коленного сустава. Ученые записки Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета имени академика И.П. Павлова. 2020;27(1):57-67. https:// doi.org/10.24884/1607-4181-2020-27-1-57-67. Zayats V.V. Non-free grafts in anterior cruciate ligament and lateral extra-articular tenodesis reconstruction. The Scientific Notes of the Pavlov University. 2020;27(1):57-67. (In Russian). https:// doi.org/10.24884/1607-4181-2020-27-1-57-67.
- Sinha S., Naik A.K., Maheshwari M., Sandanshiv S., Meena D., Arya R.K. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with tibial attachment preserving hamstring graft without implant on tibial side. Indian J Orthop. 2018;52(2):170-176. https:// doi.org/10.4103/ortho.IJOrtho_85_17.
- Kim S.J., Kim H.K., Lee Y.T. Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using autogenous hamstring tendon graft without detachment of the tibial insertion. Arthroscopy. 1997;13(5):656-660. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S0749-8063(97)90198-5.
- Liu S., Sun Y., Wan F., Ding Z., Chen S., Chen J. Advantages of an Attached Semitendinosus Tendon Graft in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in a Rabbit Model. Am J Sports Med. 2018;46(13):3227-3236. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354651879935.
- Cavaignac E., Marot V., Faruch M., Reina N., Murgier J., Accadbled F. et al. Hamstring Graft Incorporation According to the Length of the Graft Inside Tunnels. Am J Sports Med. 2018;46(2):348-356. https:// doi.org/10.1177/0363546517733472.
- Liu S., Li H., Tao H., Sun Y., Chen S., Chen J. A Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate Attached Hamstring Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Maturity With Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Am J Sports Med. 2018;46(5):1143-1149. https:// doi.org/10.1177/0363546517733472.
- Lysholm J., Gillquist J. Evaluation of knee ligament surgery results with special emphasis on use of a scoring scale. Am J Sports Med. 1982;10(3):150-154. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658201000306.
- Higgins L.D., Taylor M.K., Park D., Ghodadra N., Marchant M., Pietrobon R. et al. Reliability and validity of the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Form. Joint Bone Spine. 2007;74(6):594-599. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2007.01.036.
- Roos E.M., Lohmander L.S. The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS): from joint injury to osteoarthritis. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003;1:64. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-1-64.
- Заяц В.В., Дулаев А.К., Дыдыкин А.В., Ульянченко И.Н. Клиническая эффективность анатомической пластики передней крестообразной связки коленного сустава. Гений ортопедии. 2021;27(1):48-54. https:// doi.org/10.18019/1028-4427-2021-27-1-48-54. Zayats V.V., Dulaev A.K., Dydykin A.V., Ulyanchenko I.N. Clinical evaluation of anatomical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. Genij Ortopedii. 2021;27(1):48-54. (In Russian). https:// doi.org/10.18019/1028-4427-2021-27-1-48-54.
- Гофер А.С., Алекперов А.А., Гуражев М.Б., Авдеев А.К., Павлов В.В., Корыткин А.А. Ревизионная реконструкция передней крестообразной связки: современные подходы к предоперационному планированию (систематический обзор литературы). Травматология и ортопедия России. 2023;29(3):136-148. https:// doi.org/10.17816/2311-2905-2130. Gofer A.S., Alekperov A.A., Gurazhev M.B., Avdeev A.K., Pavlov V.V., Korytkin A.A. Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: current approaches to preoperative planning (systematic review). Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2023;29(3):136-148. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.17816/2311-2905-2130.
- Naraoka T., Kimura Y., Tsuda E., Yamamoto Y., Ishibashi Y. Is remnant preservation truly beneficial to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction healing? Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging evaluations of remnant-preserved reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(5):1049-1058. https:// doi.org/10.1177/0363546516682241.
- Franciozi C.E., Minami F.K., Ambra L.F., Galvão P.H.S.A.F., Schumacher F.C. et al. Remnant preserving ACL reconstruction with a functional remnant is related to improved laxity but not to improved clinical outcomes in comparison to a nonfunctional remnant. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2022;30(5):1543-1551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-021-06572-1.
- Cho E., Chen J., Xu C., Zhao J. Remnant preservation may improve proprioception after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Traumatol. 2022;23(1):22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10195-022-00641-y.
- Wang H., Liu Z., Li Y., Peng Y., Xu W., Hu N., et al. Is remnant preservation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction superior to the standard technique? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:1652901. https:// doi.org/10.1155/2019/1652901.
- Тakahashi T., Kondo E., Yasuda K., Miyatake S., Kawaguchi Y., Onodera J. et al. Effects of remnant tissue preservation on the tendon graft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a biomechanical and histological study. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(7):1708-1716. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546516643809.
- El-Desouky M.A., Ezzat M., Abdelrazek B.H. Clinical outcomes in stump-preserving versus stump-sacrificing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; a randomized controlled study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2022;23(1):703. https:// doi.org/10.1186/s12891-022-05665-3.
- Gupta R., Singh S., Kapoor A., Soni A., Kaur R., Kaur N. Graft tunnel integration occurs early in the tibial tunnel compared with the femoral tunnel after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with preserved insertion hamstring tendon graft. Knee Surg Relat Res. 2021;33(1):37. https:// doi.org/10.1186/s43019-021-00119-x.
- Wang Z., Tao H.B., Wang Y., Liu B., Han W.F., Xiang L.B. Clinical application of modified Crain classification in the design of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with remnant preservation. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2022;23(1):1066. https:// doi.org/10.1186/s12891-022-05912-7.
- Vari N., Cavaignac E., Cavaignac M., Bérard É., Marot V. Outcomes of hamstring graft with preserved tibial insertion for ACL reconstruction: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2024;34(1): 67-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00590-023-03698-5.
- Grassi A., Casali M., Macchiarola L., Lucidi G.A., Cucurnia I., Filardo G. et al. Hamstring grafts for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction show better magnetic resonance features when tibial insertion is preserved. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2021;29(2):507-518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-020-05948-z.
- Ruffilli A., Traina F., Evangelisti G., Borghi R., Perna F., Faldini C. Preservation of hamstring tibial insertion in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a review of the current literature. Musculoskelet Surg. 2015;99(2): 87-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12306-015-0346-3.
- Zhang Y., Liu S., Chen Q., Hu Y., Sun Y., Chen J. Maturity Progression of the Entire Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft of Insertion-Preserved Hamstring Tendons by 5 Years: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation. Am J Sports Med. 2020;48(12):2970-2977. https:// doi.org/10.1177/0363546520951507.
- Lee B.I., Kim B.M., Kho D.H., Kwon S.W., Kim H.J., Hwang H.R. Does the tibial remnant of the anterior cruciate ligament promote ligamentization? Knee. 2016;23(6):1133-1142. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2016.09.008.
- Ahn G.Y., Lee T.H., Lee K.J., Woo S. Comparison of clinical outcomes and second-look arthroscopic evaluations between anterior cruciate ligament anteromedial bundle augmentation and single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Relat Res. 2020;32(1):45. https:// doi.org/10.1186/s43019-020-00058-z.
补充文件





