Diagnostics and prevention of sports-related traumatic brain injury complication

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Abstract

Sports-related traumatic brain injuries (TBI) accounts for up to 20 % of all injuries that are obtained by athletes and its incidence rises annually due to rise in population involving in sports, growing popularity of extreme sports and high level of motivation to achieve record results among young sportsmen. The aim of the review is to present the potential benefits of using microwave radiothermometry and craniocerebral hypothermia technologies in sports-related TBI. The review considers most common form of traumatic brain injury in athletes - mild TBI, which in turn can provoke a wide range of complications and negative consequences in near and delayed periods after the injury. The main shortcomings of programs for complication prevention in treatment and rehabilitation of athletes after TBI are considered, which do not take into account the peculiarities of injury mechanisms, its significant differences from household, road or criminal injuries with brain damage. Lack of objective methods of instrumental diagnosis for injury severity is also described. In addition, pathophysiological component characteristics of sports TBI is accentuated: frequency of repetition, increasement of brain and body temperature, peripheral redistribution of blood flow and hypocapnia, which significantly affects cerebral blood flow. Based on the analysis of the available scientific literature, it is elicited that TBI is an independent cause of cerebral hyperthermia development, which significantly aggravates the consequences of the injury. Conclusions. The authors propose an innovative way to use microwave radiothermometry method as a diagnostic tool for sports-related TBI. In addition, the review highlights the main recommendations for complications prevention by using craniocerebral hypothermia technology, which reduces overall physical and cerebral hyperthermia, and augments the resistance of cerebral cortex neurons to hypoxia and trauma. However, the authors believe that the described approaches in sports medicine are not used purposefully due to lack of awareness of sports team doctors and coaches.

About the authors

Oleg A. Shevelev

RUDN University; Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology

Email: drmengistu@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6204-1110
SPIN-code: 9845-2960
Moscow, Russian Federation

Anderei V. Smolensky

The Russian University of Sports “GTSOLIFK”

Email: drmengistu@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5663-9936
SPIN-code: 4514-3020
Moscow, Russian Federation

Marina V. Petrova

RUDN University; Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology

Email: drmengistu@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4272-0957
SPIN-code: 9132-4190
Moscow, Russian Federation

Elias M. Mengistu

RUDN University; Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology

Author for correspondence.
Email: drmengistu@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6928-2320
SPIN-code: 1387-7508
Moscow, Russian Federation

Anastasia A. Mengistu

RUDN University

Email: drmengistu@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8999-6972
Moscow, Russian Federation

Maria V. VatsikGorodetskaya

RUDN University; City Clinical Hospital named after V.V. Vinogradov

Email: drmengistu@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6874-8213
SPIN-code: 5531-0698
Moscow, Russian Federation

Umayzat G. Khanakhmedova

City Clinical Hospital named after V.V. Vinogradov

Email: drmengistu@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-4893-2846
Moscow, Russian Federation

Darina N. Menzhurenkova

RUDN University

Email: drmengistu@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-7997-0079
Moscow, Russian Federation

Sergey G. Vesnin

Medical Microwave Radiometry LTD

Email: drmengistu@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4353-8962
Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Igor I. Goryanin

University of Edinburgh; Okinawa Institute Science and Technology

Email: drmengistu@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8293-774X
Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Okinawa, Japan

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