China’s Grand Strategy in the Context of the Sino-US Strategic Rivalry
- 作者: Guo C.1,2
-
隶属关系:
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- RUDN University
- 期: 卷 25, 编号 2 (2025): The Difficult Path from Bipolarity to a Multipolar World Order: To the 80th Anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War
- 页面: 191-207
- 栏目: THEMATIC DOSSIER
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/2313-0660/article/view/320636
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2025-25-2-191-207
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/LNRKCC
- ID: 320636
如何引用文章
详细
The study focuses on the transformation of China’s grand strategy in the context of the ongoing, long-term Sino-US strategic rivalry. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the study of China’s grand strategy in global politics. To date, at the international level, the relevant study has been overwhelmingly dominated by the American school and narrative based on American realism. This paper therefore conducts the relevant research from a Chinese perspective. The study explores the evolution of the US China policy and the transformation of China’s grand strategy in the context of the Sino-US strategic rivalry. In particular, it demonstrates the linkage between China’s grand strategy evolution and the Sino-US relations. Furthermore, it provides an analysis of the implications of China’s grand strategy transformation. The research methodologies mainly contain comparative, analytical and inductive approaches. A conceptual framework is outlined, illustrating how the US policy and approaches towards China navigate the Sino-US rivalry and transform China’s grand strategy-making and its foreign policy implementation. The author concludes that it is the strategic rivalry and US policy towards China that are transforming China’s “grand strategy” from a defensive to an offensive model. Bloc-driven policy is one of the defining factors in the Chinese-American confrontation. However, in the case of the U.S., the obvious anti-Chinese orientation of the blocs created by Washington may cause a negative reaction from potential allies. In turn, China, relying on the states of the Global South, is also building a network of global partnerships in which such structures as the BRICS, which is becoming increasingly attractive to developing countries. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is also a significant player, and if it expands further, it could become the largest military-political bloc in the Eurasian space.
作者简介
Cheng Guo
Nanjing University of Science and Technology; RUDN University
编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: ivanc25@yahoo.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4927-6596
SPIN 代码: 3476-0140
PhD (History), Research Fellow, School of Foreign Languages, Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Postgraduate, Department of History of Philosophy, RUDN University
Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; Moscow, Russian Federation参考
- Allison, G. (2020). The new spheres of influence: Sharing the globe with other great powers. Foreign Affairs, 99(2), 30–40. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/26892661
- Allison, G. (2017). Destined for war: Can America and China escape Thucydides’s trap? Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
- Balzacq, T., & Krebs, R. R. (2021). The Oxford handbook of grand strategy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198840299.001.0001
- Chen, Zh., & Zhang, X. (2020). Chinese conception of the world order in a turbulent Trump era. The Pacific Review, 33(3–4), 438–468. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2020.1728574; EDN: HWVNWY
- Cheng, G. (2022). China’s Digital Silk Road in the age of the digital economy: Political analysis. Vestnik RUDN. International Relations, 22(2), 271–287. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2022-22-2-271-287; EDN: CWJLIN
- Cheng, G., Chen, Lu, Degterev, D. A., & Zhao, J. (2019). Implications of “One Belt, One Road” strategy for China and Eurasia. Vestnik RUDN. International Relations, 19(1), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-1-77-88; EDN: GDGJEF
- Cheng, Y. (2018). Dazhanlue de sixiang yu shijian: xingcheng, tezheng yu yanjin [Thought and practice of “grand strategy”: Formation, characteristics and evolution]. Shixue Yuekan [Monthly of Historical Science], (2),
- –27. (In Chinese).
- Degterev, D. A., Ramich, M. S., & Tsvyk, A. V. (2021). U.S. — China: “Power transition” and the outlines of “conflict bipolarity”. Vestnik RUDN. International Relations, 21(2), 210–231. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2021-21-2-210-231; EDN: PXYZEE
- Denoon, D. B. H. (Ed.). (2021). China’s grand strategy: A roadmap to global power? New York: New York University Press. https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479804085.001.0001
- Doshi, R. (2021). The long game: China’s grand strategy to displace American order. New York: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197527917.001.0001
- Dou, G. (2024). Meiguo bainian quanqiu zhanlue [The United States’ hundred-year global strategy]. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press. (In Chinese).
- Fingar, T., & Lampton, D. M. (2023). China’s America policy: Back to the future. The Washington Quarterly, 46(4), 43–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2023.2285541; EDN: VNUBHX
- Gaddis, J. L. (1992). International relations theory and the end of the Cold War. International Security, 17(3), 5–58. https://doi.org/10.2307/2539129
- Gilpin, R. (1981). War and change in world politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511664267
- Goldstein, A. (2005). Rising to the challenge: China’s grand strategy and international security. Redwood City: Stanford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780804756556
- Grachikov, E. N., & Xu, H. (2022). China and the international system: The formation of a Chinese model of world order. International Organisations Research Journal, 17(1), 7–24. https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2022-01-01; EDN: ZDZJNP
- Grachikov, E. N., & Zhou, X. (2023). National interests of China: Connotations, hierarchy, balancing. World Eсonomy and International Relations, 67(8), 70–83. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2023-67-8-70-83; EDN: IXPUZZ
- Himmer, M., & Rod, Z. (2022). Chinese debt trap diplomacy: Reality or myth? Journal of the Indian Ocean Region, 18(3), 250–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2023.2195280; EDN: JACXII
- Jiang, Y. (2021). The rise and fall of the wolf warriors In J. Golley, L. Jaivin & S. Strange (Eds.), Crisis
- (pp. 33–38). Canberra: ANU Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1m9x316.9
- Kachiga, J. (2022). The pulse of China’s grand strategy. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003254867
- Krieger, G. (2022). China’s grand strategy: A roadmap to global power? Edited by David B. H. Denoon. New York: New York University Press. 2021. 336 pp. £96.00. ISBN 9781479804085. Available as e-book. International Affairs, 98(3), 1117–1119. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiac033; EDN: MXUCJS
- Liu, F., & He, K. (2023). China’s bilateral relations, order transition, and the Indo-Pacific dynamics. China Review, 23(1), 11–43. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/48717987
- Mastanduno, M. (1997). Preserving the unipolar moment: Realist theories and U.S. grand strategy after the Cold War. International Security, 21(4), 49–88. https://doi.org/10.2307/2539283; EDN: HIEYXX
- Matveeva, N. V., & Zhao, F. (2021). “One Belt, One Road”: China’s place in the global “double circulation” model. Moscow Economic Journal, (9), 107–117. (In Russian). EDN: QJXOLW
- Mearsheimer, J. J. (2014). The tragedy of great power politics. Upd. ed. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
- Men, H. (2020). China’s grand strategy: A framework analysis. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4257-2
- Miles, M. D., & Miller, Ch. R. (2019). Global risks and opportunities: The great power competition paradigm. Joint Forces Quarterly, (94), 80–85. Retrieved from https://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/jfq/jfq-94/jfq-94_86-91_Miles-Miller.pdf?ver=2019-07-25-162025-130
- Mukherjee, R. (2022). Ascending order : Rising powers and the politics of status in international institutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009186803
- Nathan, A. J., & Scobell, A. (2012). How China sees America: The sum of Beijing’s fears. Foreign Affairs, 91(5), 32–47. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41720859
- Nye, J. S., Jr. (2022). How not to deal with a rising China: A US perspective. International Affairs, 98(5),
- –1651. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiac117; EDN: YWWDRN
- Nye, J. S., Jr. (2023). Soft power and great-power competition: Shifting sands in the balance of power between the United States and China. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0714-4
- Organski, A. F. K. (1958). World politics. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
- Porter, P. (2018). Why America’s grand strategy has not changed: Power, habit, and the U.S. foreign policy establishment. International Security, 42(4), 9–46. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00311
- Posen, B. R. (2014). Restraint: A new foundation for U.S. grand strategy. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt5hh0db
- Renshon, J. (2017). Fighting for status: Hierarchy and conflict in world politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/1010.23943/princeton/9780691174501.001.0001; EDN: VCMXPW
- Sharipov, F. F., & Timofeev, O. A. (2023). Aggravation of China — US competition on the problem of the world order: Chinese scientists views evolution. Far Eastern Studies, (2), 26–40. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.31857/S013128120025383-2; EDN: BBFDWU
- Silove, N. (2018). Beyond the buzzword: The three meanings of “grand strategy”. Security Studies, 27(1), 27–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2017.1360073
- Song, D. (2013). Zhongguo jueqi de dazhanlue lilun goujian [Theoretical construction of the “grand strategy” of rising China]. Guoji Zhanwang [International Review], 3, 27–46. (In Chinese).
- Tang, S. (2018). China and the future international order(s). Ethics & International Affairs, 32(1), 31–43. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679418000084
- Wang, F. (2022). Zhongguo waijiao de zhanlue paixu yu duomubiao jueze [Strategic ranking and multi-goal decision-making in Chinese diplomacy]. Waijiao Pinglun [Foreign Affairs Review], 39(2), 1–20. (In Chinese). https://doi.org/10.13569/j.cnki.far.2022.02.001
- Wang, J. (2005). China’s search for stability with America. Foreign Affairs, 84(5), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.2307/20031704
- Wang, J. (2011). China’s search for a grand strategy: A rising great power finds its way. Foreign Affairs, 90(2),
- –79. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/25800458
- Wang, J. (2021). The plot against China? How Beijing sees the new Washington consensus. Foreign Affairs, 100(4), 48–57. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/27121350
- Winkler, S. Ch. (2023). Strategic competition and US — China relations: A conceptual analysis. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 16(3), 333–356. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poad008; EDN: DGTDWJ
- Yan, X. (2019a). Leadership and the rise of great powers. Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77dc8
- Yan, X. (2019b). The age of uneasy peace: Chinese power in a divided world. Foreign Affairs, 98(1), 40–46. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/26798009
- Yan, X. (2020). Bipolar rivalry in the early digital age. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 13(3),
- –341. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poaa007; EDN: TOAWUU
- Zhang, F. (2022). China’s new engagement with Afghanistan after the withdrawal. LSE Public Policy Review, 2(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.31389/lseppr.52
- Zhu, F. (2013). Zhongmei zhanlue jingzheng yu dongya anquan zhixu de weilai [Strategic rivalry between China and the United States and the future of East Asian security]. Shijie jingji yu zhengzhi [World Economy and Politics], (3), 9–12. (In Chinese).
补充文件
