Perceived Cultural Distance and Psychological Well-Being of Russians in Different Contexts of Post-Soviet Countries: The Mediating Role of Acculturation Strategies

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The paper is devoted to the search for universal and culture-specific relationships between perceived cultural distance, acculturation strategies and psychological well-being of Russians in three post-Soviet countries: Kazakhstan, Armenia and Estonia. In the study, the authors relied on perceived cultural distance theory and acculturation theory. The sample included 660 Russians (179 - in Kazakhstan, 358 - in Estonia, 123 - in Armenia). The study used structural equation modeling, multigroup analysis, and mediation analysis. The results have shown that perceived cultural distance is a negative predictor of the psychological well-being of Russians in post-Soviet countries where they are quite numerous (Kazakhstan and Estonia). Moreover, high perceived cultural distance reduces the orientation towards integration in all the countries studied, increases the attitude towards separation in favorable contexts (Kazakhstan and Armenia) and decreases it in unfavorable contexts (Estonia). As the mediation analysis has shown, in countries where the number of Russians is fairly high, perceived cultural closeness is an important factor: it increases the importance of the integration strategy (in Estonia) and reduces the importance of the separation strategy (in Kazakhstan), thereby contributing to the psychological well-being of Russians. In Armenia, where there are very few Russians, they have developed an adaptation mechanism both in situations of high and low perceived cultural distance: in the first case, high cultural distance increases separation attitudes, which lead to psychological well-being; in the second case, the main role is played by the integration strategy, which mediates the positive relationship between perceived cultural closeness and psychological well-being of the local Russians. This study aims to show that the actualization of information about cultural closeness, common history, traditions, etc. in the discourse of countries can be an incentive to reduce the perceived cultural distance among representatives of ethnic minorities and contribute to their psychological well-being.

作者简介

Victoria Galyapina

HSE University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: vgalyapina@hse.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4122-6455
SPIN 代码: 2391-7845

Doctor of Psychology, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Psychology, Chief Researcher of the Center for Sociocultural Research of the Faculty of Social Sciences

20 Myasnitskaya St, 101000 Moscow, Russia

Madina Umurkulova

Karaganda State University named after E.A. Buketov

Email: madinaumurkulova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8469-6989
Researcher ID: ABW-2551-2022

PhD in Psychology, Associate Professor of the Department of Psychology, Director of Laboratory of Social and Psychological Research

28 Universitetskaya St, 100024 Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan

Oksana Tuchina

Kuban State Technological University

Email: tuchena@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5525-7645
SPIN 代码: 6989-5374

Doctor of Psychology, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of History, Philosophy and Psychology

2 Moskovskaya St, 350072 Krasnodar, Russia

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