THE PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF ADAPTATION OF A PLANT SPECIES IN URBANIZED ENVIRONMENT

Plants, the leading fixed way of life, are forced to be particularly plastic on environmental impact responses of the environment. The most important external factors include the light, which is not only a source of energy for photosynthesis, but also a signal, activating and changing the program of development of the plant. Objective: To study the content and ratio of different forms of photosynthetic pigments in leaves of plants that grow only in natural light (forest) and compared to individuals present in the conditions of an additional light (located near the street lamps and lighted windows of houses). The experience included birch specimens of plants growing in a forest tract Gutorevo (dense stands of birch within the pine forest) and tree planting ordinary Lear Park (southern suburbs of Kursk area). The leaves are weighed. pigment content was determined by in vitro analysis in four replicates. The content of chlorophylls and carotenoids were determined by calculation. Volume fraction pigments evaluated. Statistical analysis were Student t-criterion. The content of chlorophyll and carotenoid in the leaves of birch in an artificial increase in the duration of the light period in the temperate climate of the Kursk region. In plants, an increase of chlorophyll content (a + b) 12.0% of carotenoids in the leaves 23.0%. There is reason to believe that the adaptation of the pigment apparatus birch plants growing under natural light (forest) and located in the area of artificial lighting is done by transforming the light-harvesting complex. Factor complex urban environment, including sunlight, soil compaction podkronovogo space in which increasingly suffering park biome, does not reduce the content of pigments in the end of the growing season, in comparison with individuals forest biome. This testifies to their high stability and better adaptation to the effects of natural and anthropogenic factors.