Genesis of the inefficiency problem in transport and logistics production in the Russian Federation

Background. The article analyzes the inefficiency of transport and logistics production in Russia, particularly in the road freight sector. It demonstrates that the current structure, driven by the interests of individual companies, fails to ensure long-term stability. The significant growth in freight turnover (126.5% since 2001) alongside minimal increases in shipping volumes (5.9%) indicates extensive development and inefficient resource utilization.

Purpose.  To identify the causes of inefficiency in Russia’s road freight system and propose restructuring measures based on statistical data and an analysis of the industry’s organizational framework.

Materials and methods. The study utilizes data from Rosstat, the Russian Ministry of Transport, and analytical centers (2001–2023) on freight turnover, shipping volumes, and the transport sector’s share of GDP. A comparative analysis of indicator trends revealed a disparity between GDP growth (20-fold) and freight volume growth (10.4%). The structure of the road freight system was examined, including the distribution of trucks and transport work between sole proprietors (36.6%) and legal entities (63.4%). Methods included statistical analysis, systems theory, and expert assessments (e.g., an Ernst & Young survey).

Results. The study found that Russia’s road freight system is highly fragmented, dominated by sole proprietors (56% of vehicles), and suffers from low market transparency. A modified management model was proposed, emphasizing direct coordination between the macro level (state regulation) and micro level (enterprises) to enhance industry resilience.