General theory of crime and self-control of behavior

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The subject of the study is the position of M. Gottfredson and T. Hirschi, expressed within the framework of the general theory of crime and based on the assertion that the level of self-control is determined by parenting techniques, but not by biological and genetic influences. However, genetic and neurobiological studies complement this point of view and show that biogenic factors are also largely responsible for the quality of self-control. The object of the study is the social relations that arose in the process and regarding the explanation of the genesis and subsequent correction of criminal behavior. The authors consider in detail the phenomenon of self-control as one of the elements of an extensive palette of determinants of our behavior. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the activity of the frontal cortex of the brain and related neuropsychological problems that clearly affect the level of self-control of behavior.  The methodological basis of the work consists of the laws and categories of dialectical materialism and a historical approach to the interpretation of socio-legal phenomena. The methodology is represented by a set of general scientific and private scientific methods. The main methods of work are extrapolation, comparison and the method of expert assessments. The main conclusion of the study is the criminological interpretation of the results of studies of brain activity before and after psychiatric treatment, which showed a decrease in prefrontal cortex activity and normalization of brain blood flow. Positive changes in brain activity levels corresponded to the adequacy of mental activity. These results demonstrated that rehabilitation programs aimed at cognitive functioning can reduce the activity of delinquent behavior. Cognitive behavioral therapy is one of the most effective programs to reduce recidivism, as it can alter brain activity. The novelty of the research lies in the proposal to use advanced neuroimaging techniques that are able to detect the most minor brain abnormalities. This will make it possible to more clearly understand the mechanisms of the influence of brain function on behavior. The authors believe that criminologists should carefully study the data from brain research and integrate them into theories of the causes of criminal behavior.

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