Ways to reform the institution of private prosecution in Russia

Private prosecution as an institution dates back to pre-revolutionary Russia, where, despite the lack of clearly formulated legislation in this area, there were certain principles that allowed citizens to independently defend their rights in criminal law proceedings. The current stage of development of the legal system in Russia needs to rethink the role of private prosecution, focused on creating a more effective and fair process. The author analyzes the features of the proceedings and the status of persons who are participants in private prosecution proceedings. Opinions on the exclusion of the form of private prosecution from domestic criminal law literature are considered, in connection with which it is proposed to expand the powers of magistrates in terms of assisting the parties in collecting evidence. The study of the institution of private prosecution in Russia requires a comprehensive, balanced approach, which is based on the use of various methodological tools, namely: comparative legal analysis, regulatory analysis of current legislation in the field of private prosecution, as well as an analysis of the practice of private prosecution in Russia. Scientific novelty of the research lies in the need for a deep rethinking of the role and functions of this the institution in the modern conditions of the legal system. In the light of modern challenges and trends related to globalization and changing public relations, the institute of private prosecution in Russia faces a number of significant problems that require comprehensive scientific analysis and legislative improvement. On the one hand, private prosecution is an important mechanism for protecting the rights and legitimate interests of citizens, providing an opportunity to directly initiate criminal prosecution regardless of the position of public prosecutors. However, in practice, this institution often functions inefficiently due to the lack of clear procedures, the lack of competent specialists and the general lack of legal culture in society. In conclusion, it is worth noting that the reform of the institution of private prosecution in Russia should become a complex task that can be solved jointly with the participation of legislators, human rights organizations and citizens themselves. Only through joint efforts is it possible to create a truly working and fair mechanism that will ensure the protection of citizens' rights and strengthen public confidence in the country's legal system.

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