The dwelling of the Yudinsky culture from the Russian settlement 1

The object of the study is the excavation of residential building No. 4 of the Yudinsk archaeological culture, studied during archaeological work at the Russian settlement 1. The monument is located in the Yarkovsky district of the Tyumen region, on the right bank of the Tobol River, near the mouth of the Tura River. The purpose of the study is to introduce into scientific circulation and to examine in detail the unique materials from the Russian 1 settlement, represented by the excavation of a residential building at No. 4, to determine the type of dwelling, and to reconstruct the possible appearance of the lost structural elements of the structure. Based on the purpose of the study, the following tasks were put forward: a morphological description of the recorded elements of the archeologized structure No. 4, the determination of the time of the functioning of the settlement, as well as the reconstruction of the exterior of the frame of the dwelling based on available ethnographic materials. Traditional research methods for historical science are used to solve the tasks set in the work: comparative historical, typological, descriptive method of analysis of material sources, method of analogies. For the first time, based on a detailed comprehensive planographic analysis of the traces of the archeologized building No. 4, as well as their comparison with residential structures that existed among the aboriginal population of Siberia, it was established that the building from the Yudinsky settlement of Russian 1 was a semi-earthen building with a truncated pyramid-shaped frame. The construction of the ground part of the house is described, as well as details of the internal structure. The walls and roof were built from thin planks or scaffolds, which were then covered with a layer of earth thrown out of the excavation. A narrow corridor-shaped entrance led to the dwelling, above which a canopy was erected. The main open hearth was located in the center of the dwelling, and bunks with another hearth were located at the back wall. As a result of the conducted research, it was established that the monument existed in the period of the 8th–10th centuries.

Archaeology, The Medieval Era, Western Siberia, Tributary region, the Russian settlement, Yudin culture, The dwelling, ethnography, housing construction, reconstruction