Hungarian Campaign 1697: Planning and Preparations

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

The article examines the preparation activities for the military campaign of 1697, carried out in the period from December 1696 to July 1697. The study focuses on the military operations planning and the relationships between various military-bureaucratic departments and military leaders, the process of procuring all the resources necessary for the campaign, the methods of coordinating commanders and military officials in order to ensure the combat readiness. The preparatory activities were studied, which involved not only the high command and the Court Military Council, but also the Banus of Croatia and Emperor Leopold I. The next stage was a detailed analysis of the measures taken by the military leadership in July 1697, in particular, Eugene of Savoy, at a time when the army was already in Hungary, but was not ready to act against the Ottomans. The sources used were the published letters of Eugene of Savoy from January to September 1697 and the minutes of the Court War Council and the War Council of Lower Austria. The sources allowed us to study the systemic interactions between different levels of the military hierarchy, officials and the emperor and to achieve a contextual perception of military command institutions, which made possible to separate the system-factors from the phenomenons of the 1697 campaign. Finally, the decisive role of systemic and collective efforts in ensuring the combat readiness of the armies of the Danube Monarchy was established. The competence of the commander-in-chief in the Danube Monarchy was determined during the period of equipping the troops, during the period of stay with the army in the theater of military operations and during preparation for a combat clash. In addition, the degree of personal efforts of Eugene of Savoy in organizing and successfully conducting the campaign of 1697 was assessed.

References

  1. Записки Монтекукколи Генералиссимуса императорских войск или Общие принципы военного искусства в трёх книгах; пер. Я. С. Семченкова. Montreal: Accent Graphics Communications, 2012.
  2. История Османского государства, общества и цивилизации / под ред. Ихсаноглу Э. / пер. с турец. В. Б. Феоновой. Т. 1. М.: Восточная литература, 2006.
  3. Arneth A. Eugen (Prinz von Savoyen) // Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). 6. Bd. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, 1877. S. 406-421.
  4. Basta G. Il maestro di campo generale, das ist: außfürliche Anzeig, Bericht und Erklärung von dem Ampt eines General-Feldt-Obersten (etc.). Franckfurt: Nicolaus Hoffman, 1617.
  5. Bracewell C. W. The Uskoks of Senj: Piracy, Banditry, and Holy War in the Sixteenth-Century Adriatic. Ithaca, London, 1992.
  6. Đuričić S. Bitka kod Sente 1697. prema pismima princa Eugena Savojskog i izvorima iz Bečkog ratnog arhiva [Электронный ресурс] // Hrvatski povijesni portal, 01.12.2020. URL: https://www.academia.edu/44614061/Bitka_kod_Sente_1697_prema_pismima_princa_Eugena_Savojskog_i_izvorima_iz_Be%C4%8Dkog_ratnog_arhiva (дата обращения 18.05.2025).
  7. Đuričić S. Princ Eugen Savojski u Velikom bečkom ratu do oslobođenja Beograda (1683.-1688.) // Scrinia Slavonica. Annual of the Department for the History of Slavonia, Srijem and Baranja of the Croatian Historical Institute. vol. 15 (2015). Slavonski Brod, 2015. S. 35-56.
  8. Đuričić S. Vojne operacije generala Dünewalda u Slavoniji 1687. godine // Scrinia Slavonica. vol. 22 (2022). Slavonski Brod, 2022. S. 77-94.
  9. Göss J. Z. Elf Briefe König Ferdinands I. an seinen Feldhauptmann Hans Katzianer // Historische Blatter im Auftrage der Beamten des Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchivs. Herausgegeben von Lothar Gross. 5. Heft. Wien, 1932.
  10. Hochedlinger M. Austria's wars of emergence: war, state and society in the Habsburg Monarchy, 1683-1797. London, New York, 2003.
  11. Klaus-Jürgen B. Die Türken vor Wien: Zwei Weltmächte im Ringen um Europa. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft Theiss, 2021.
  12. Meynert H. G. Geschichte der K.K. österreichischen Armee, ihrer Heranbildung und Organisation, so wie ihrer Schicksale, thaten und Feldzüge, von der Frühesten bis auf die jetzige Zeit. 2. Bd. Wien: C. Gerold & Sohn, 1854.
  13. Militärische Korrespondenz des Prinzen Eugen von Savoyen. 1. Bd, 1694-1702. Hrsg. Friedrich Heller. Wien: Gerold, 1848.
  14. OeStA/KA ZSt HKR HR Bücher 139 (1557-1558).
  15. OeStA/KA ZSt IÖHKR Bücher 8/2 Protokoll Croatica (mit Indices), 1597-1598.
  16. Pálffy G. Das Königreich Ungarn (1526-1699): eine alte Regionalmacht innerhalb einer neuen Monarchie / Handbuch zur Geschichte Südosteuropas. Bd. 2. Herrschaft und Politik in Südosteruropa von 1300 bis 1800. Hrsg. Oliver Jens Schmitt. Red. Edvin Pezo. Berlin-Boston, 2021. S. 567-660.
  17. Pálffy G. Die Akten und Protokolle des Wiener Hofkriegsrats im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert // Quellenkunde der Habsburgermonarchie (16.-18. Jahrhundert). Ein exemplarisches Handbuch / Hg. Pauser J., Scheutz M., Winkelbauer T. Wien-München, 2004 (Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung 44). S. 182-195.
  18. Regele O. Der österreichische Hofkriegsrat 1556-1848 // Mitteilungen des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs. Bd. 1, H. 1. Wien, 1949.
  19. Rothenberg G. E. The Austrian military border in Croatia, 1522-1747. Urbana, 1960.
  20. Schwendi L. Kriegs Diskurs: Vom Krieg und Kriegsherrn. Frankfurt am Mayn, 1593.
  21. Wilson P. H. German armies War and German politics, 1648-1806. London, Bristol: UCL Press, 1998.
  22. Wilson P. H. Heart of Europe A History of the Holy Roman Empire. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2016.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Согласие на обработку персональных данных

 

Используя сайт https://journals.rcsi.science, я (далее – «Пользователь» или «Субъект персональных данных») даю согласие на обработку персональных данных на этом сайте (текст Согласия) и на обработку персональных данных с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика» (текст Согласия).