The attributive meaning of the categories "to be" and "to have" on the example of the practical philosophy of Diogenes of Sinop

The subject of the study is the practical philosophy of Diogenes of Sinope, considered as a material for the objectification of the philosophical categories "to be" and "to have". The object of the study is the attributive meaning of the categories "to be" and "to have", taken in the meaning of the basic modes of human existence. The author examines in detail the following aspects of the topic: the dichotomy of "to be" and "to have" in the context of the opposition between human values and self-existence, the difference between the categories of "to be" and "to have" in terms of determining their attributive meaning, the correlation between the man and the culture, the possibility of interpretation of practical the philosophy of Diogenes of Sinope as a visual embodiment of the human "being". Special attention is paid to the disclosure of the attributes of the category "to be" in relation to the specifics of the teachings of Diogenes of Sinope. The research uses the method of philosophical analysis, which made it possible to categorically interpret the practical philosophy of Diogenes. An axiological method was used to analyze issues related to the problem of values. The main conclusion of the conducted research is that the practical philosophy of Diogenes of Sinope, being an example of the embodiment of the human "being", provides support for identifying the attributes of "being". Such attributes, the conceptual expression of which is found in the categories of "self-affirmation", "self-overcoming", "integrity" and "universality", constitute the essential basis of human existence. This conclusion reveals the depth and consistency of Diogenes' position when correlated with the central question for philosophical anthropology, "what does it mean to be human?". The novelty of the research lies in an attempt to show a two-way connection between the theoretical and practical aspects of the problem under consideration, where, on the one hand, the use of the categories "to be" and "to have" allows categorically comprehending the teachings of Diogenes, and, on the other hand, the philosophy of Diogenes makes it possible to reveal these categories in their effective meaning.

Diogenes of Sinope, to be, to have, human existence, essence of man, cynicism, anthropology, attribute, self-affirmation, Fromm