The polyphonic principle and the deconstruction of subjectivity: the aporias of postmodern multiplicity.

This paper undertakes a systematic investigation of the critical limits and internal contradictions of the polyphonic principle in postmodern philosophy. The category of polyphony, borrowed by Bakhtin from the musical tradition and developed by post-structuralism, is reconsidered in terms of its aporetic structures. The focus is on the deconstruction of the Cartesian subject and the transformation of understanding subjectivity from cogito to a model of a resonant field of multiple processes. Three interrelated dimensions of this transformation are examined: temporal (Derridean analysis of auto-affection, Deleuzian syntheses of time), affective (Spinozist philosophy of affects, Foucauldian techniques of the self), and evental (Deleuzian concept of pre-individual singularities). The article analyzes the reconceptualization of the individual/collective opposition through the Deleuzo-Guattarian concept of collective machines of enunciation, Negri and Hardt's notion of multitude, and Simondon's theory of individuation. Ethical implications of the polyphonic principle are considered: Levinasian ethics of the face, Derridean concept of aporetic decision, and Lyotardian differend. The research employs an aporetic method of analysis integrating Derrida's deconstructive strategy, Deleuzian analysis of multiplicity, and Levinasian phenomenology of alterity. The scientific novelty lies in systematic exposition of three fundamental aporias: self-foundation (universality of critique of universality), communication (incommensurability of language games), and criteria (evaluation without transcendent foundations). It is demonstrated that these aporias represent not external obstacles but productive tensions constituting the dynamism of polyphonic thinking. The concept of resonant relations is developed as an alternative to the translation model, and a strategy of immanent validation is proposed. It is shown that the polyphonic principle transforms subjectivity from substantial subject to evental crystallization in force fields. It is established that the task of polyphonic philosophy consists not in overcoming aporias but in developing ways of productive work with them, opening new perspectives for post-foundationalist thought in political philosophy, ethics, and epistemology.

polyphony, multiplicity, subjectivity, aporia, deconstruction, postmodernism, differend, individuation, event, incommensurability