Determination of human movement parameters when delivering fire extinguishers to the fire centre at water transport facilities
- 作者: Kozhevin D.F.1, Estekhin V.G.1
-
隶属关系:
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "Saint-Petersburg State Fire Service University of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters named after the Hero of the Russian Federation, Army General E.N. Zinichev"
- 期: 卷 118, 编号 1 (2025)
- 页面: 39-49
- 栏目: Scientific and Technical Developments
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/2411-3778/article/view/308620
- ID: 308620
如何引用文章
全文:
开放存取
##reader.subscriptionAccessGranted##
订阅存取
详细
The article presents experimental data on determining the delivery speed of fire extinguishers on ships. The unique feature of the experiment is the effect of the load (the fire extinguisher mass) on the movement speed of the participant.
Existing software products, techniques, as well as published materials do not take into account the influence of the mass and ergonomic characteristics of the fire extinguisher on the time of its delivery to the fire center.
During the experiment the intensity (heaviness) of physical activities was determined, the indicator of which was the heart rate. The analysis of the experimental values indicates that the lowest movement speed of the participants was recorded at the stages where agents had to go through doorways and at the initial stage when receiving a fire extinguisher.
The values obtained with the help of a heart monitor made it possible to determine the intensity of physical activities during the fire extinguisher delivery. It follows that the greater the mass of the fire extinguisher the higher the intensity of physical activity on the participant is, the heart rate increases, and, consequently, the speed of fire extinguisher delivery decreases. During the analysis of the experimental data, it was found that the movement speed of an agent with a fire extinguisher is influenced by the displacement of the center of gravity towards the load.
As part of the experiment, a projection in three planes was built for all participants, indicating the coordinates of the center of gravity both without a fire extinguisher and with fire extinguishers of different sizes. Based on the projection, the angle of deviation from the vector of the direction of movement was found. Due to the obtained experimental values of the movement speed with a load and the values of the deviation angles, the calculated movement speed of agents with fire extinguishers was determined, as well as correction coefficients characterizing the consideration of fire extinguisher mass, which was not taken into account when determining the center of gravity.
Based on experimental data there was determined the reference speed of the agent. Correction coefficients have been determined for each standard size of the fire extinguisher, taking into account the effect of the mass of the fire extinguisher on the agent. Obtained results can be used as reference data, in the form of correction coefficients, when modeling the movement of human flows. Obtained computational and experimental data will be used in the future to develop a unified integrated methodology for basic fire-fighting equipment on water transport. The complex methodology will take into account the layout concepts of a specific object (vessel), as well as the physiological characteristics of the crew involved in the struggle for the survivability of the vessel.
作者简介
Dmitry Kozhevin
Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "Saint-Petersburg State Fire Service University of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters named after the Hero of the Russian Federation, Army General E.N. Zinichev"
Email: yagmort_kdf@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6418-107X
SPIN 代码: 9647-7196
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the PHOPGiT Department
149 Moskovsky Prospekt, Saint Petersburg, 196105, Russian FederationVitaly Estekhin
Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "Saint-Petersburg State Fire Service University of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters named after the Hero of the Russian Federation, Army General E.N. Zinichev"
编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: estekhin@inbox.ru
SPIN 代码: 2770-8682
Adjunct
149 Moskovsky Prospekt, Saint Petersburg, 196105, Russian Federation参考
- Kozhevin D.F., Estekhin V.G. Evaluation of the efficiency of fire extinguishers use on water transport. Problemy upravleniya riskami v tekhnosfere – The problems of risk management in the technosphere, 2022, no. 4 (64), рр. 8–20. (In Russian).
- Sharapov S.V., Krutolapov A.S., Kopeykin N.N. Analysis of information on fires on ships and on the practice of extinguishing them in ports. Pozharovzryvobezopasnost’ – Fire and Explosion Safety, 2017, vol. 26, no 1, pp. 52–60. (In Russian).
- Kozhevin D.F., Tarantsev A.A., Estekhin V.G., Konovalov I.N. Analysis of regulatory requirements for fire extinguishers placed on ships. Morskie intellektualnie tehnologii – Marine Intelligent Technologies, 2023, no. 3, vol. 1, pp. 170-178. doi: 10.37220/MIT.2023.61.3.017. (In Russian).
- Pravila klassifikatsii i postroyki morskikh sudov, chast’ VI protivopozharnaya zashchita [Rules for the classification and construction of naval vessels, Part VI, Fire protection]. Rossiyskiy Morskoy Registr Sudokhodstva [Russian Maritime Register of Shipping]. Available at: https://lk.rs-class.org/regbook/getDocument2?type=rules3&d=116C5391-2916-4030- BEC3-9A3C2AE8849B&f=2-020101-174-6 (accessed 10 May 2024).
- Pravila klassifikatsii i postroyki sudov, chast’ III Protivopozharnaya zashchita [Rules for the classification and construction of sea-going ships, Part III, Fire protection]. Rossiyskoe Klassifikatsionnoe Obshchestvo [Russian Classification Society]. Available at: https://rfclass.ru/izdaniya-rko/pravila-klassifikatsii-postroyki-i-osvidetelstvovaniya-morskikh-sudov/pravila-klassifikatsii-i-postroyki-morskikh-sudov / (accessed 10 May 2024).
- International convention for the safety of life at sea, 1974 SOLAS 74: adopted on November 1, 1974 at the International conference on the safety of life at sea, and its protocol of 1988 (Protocol-88) on November 10, 1988 at the International conference on the harmonized system of surveys and registration of certificates. Available at: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/901765675 (accessed 10 May 2024).
- CITIS program: Flowtek – software for modeling the process of evacuation of people from a building. Available at: https://www.syssoft.ru/Sitis/SITIS-Floytek-PRO / (accessed 13 May 2024).
- Pathfinnder program – calculation of evacuation time. Available at: https://pyrosim.ru/raschet-vremeni-ehvakuacii-lyudej (accessed 13 May 2024).
- Fenix + 3 program – fire risk calculation. Available at: https://mst.su/fenix3 / (accessed 13 May 2024).
- Ob utverzhdenii metodiki opredeleniya raschetnih velichin pozharnogo riska v zdaniyah, sooruzheniyah i pozharnyh otsekah razlichnyh klassov funktsionalnoi pozharnoi opasnosti [On approval of the methodology for determining calculated fire risk values in buildings, structures and fire compartments of various functional fire hazard classes]. Prikaz MCHS Rossii ot 14 noyabrya 2022 g. No. 1140 [Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated November 14, 2022 No. 1140]. Available at: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/406477165/#review (accessed 20 April 2024).
- Ob utverzhdenii metodiki opredeleniya raschetnih velichin pozharnogo riska na proizvodstvennih ob’ektah [On approval of the methodology for determining calculated fire risk values at production facilities]. Prikaz MCHS Rossii ot 10.07.2009 g. No. 404 [Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated 10.07.2009 No. 404]. Available at: https://base.garant.ru/196118/ (accessed 20 April 2024).
- Samigullin G.Kh., Gremin Yu.V. Improving the methodology for assessing fire danger at water transport facilities in difficult natural and climatic conditions. Problemy upravleniya riskami v tehnosfere – Problems of Risk Management in the Technosphere, 2023, no. 1 (65), pp. 83-93. (In Russian).
- Holshchevnikov V.V., Samoshin V.A. K voprosu o tochnosti modelei individual’no-potochnogo dvizheniya [On the issue of the accuracy of models of individual flow motion]. Roitmanovskie chteniya: sb. materialov 7 nauch.-prakt. konf. [Proc.of the 7th scientific and practical conference “Roitman readings”]. Moscow, State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia, 2019, pp. 30-34. (In Russian).
- Revised guidelines on evacuation analysis for new and existing passenger ships. International maritime organization. Available at: http://www.imorules.com/GUID-E904338D-1086-4629-B28D-00252EAC593E.html (accessed 20.04. 2024).
- Łozowicka D, Łozowicki A. Identification of factors having an impact on the moment of commencing the evacuation of people from a vessel. Transport problems, 2010, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 59-64.
- Azzi C., Pennycott A., Vassalos D. Evacuation simulation of shipboard fire scenarios. Proceedings of Fire and evacuation modeling technical conference. Baltimore, Maryland, 2011.
- Yoon-Ok Cho, Sol Ha, Kwang-Phil Park. Velocity-based egress model for the analysis of evacuation process on passenger ships. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 2016, no. 24 (3), pp. 466-483. Available at: https://jmstt.ntou.edu.tw/journal/vol24/iss3/12 / (accessed 13 May 2024).
- Murphy S.O., Brown K.N., Sreenan C. The EvacSim pedestrian evacuation agent model: development and validation. Proc. of Summer computer simulation conf. society for modeling & simulation international, 2013, p. 38.
- Jaemin Lee, Hyuncheol Kim, Soonjo Kwon. Evacuation analysis of a passenger ship with an inclined passage considering the coupled effect of trim and heel. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 2022, vol. 14.
- Andreadakis A., Dalaklis D. Evacuation of ships: Discovering the mishaps behind the accidents. Journal of International Maritime Safety Environmental Affairs and Shipping, 2022, no. 6 (2-3), pp. 135-140.
- Finney D. Vvedenie v teoriyu planirovaniya eksperimentov [Introduction to the theory of experimental planning]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1970, 287 p. (In Russian).
- GOST 19.301-79. Edinaya Sistema programmnoi produktsii. Programma i metodika ispytanii. Trebovaniya k soderzhaniyu I oformleniyu [State Standard 19.301-79. A unified system of software products. The test program and methodology. Requirements for content and design]. Available at: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200007650 (accessed 10 September 2024).
- GOST 16504-81. Sistema gosodarstvennyh ispytanii produktsii. Ispytaniya i control kachestva produktsii. Osnovnye terminy i opredeleniya [State Standard 16504-81. The system of state product testing. Product quality testing and control. Basic terms and definitions]. Available at: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200005367 (accessed 10 September 2024).
补充文件
