The influence of winter wheat cultivation technology on the content of macronutrients in plants

The research was carried out to determine the characteristics of the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by winter wheat plants using various cultivation technologies. The work was carried out in 2021–2024 on typical chernozem of the Kursk region. The following technologies of winter wheat cultivation were studied: traditional, differentiated, minimal, direct sowing. When using traditional technology, the nitrogen content was higher than for other studied technologies – in roots by 0.03…0.12 %, in straw by 0.03…0.04 %, in grain by 0.04…0.13 %. It also contributed to a higher accumulation of nitrogen in the roots by 3.9…14.1 kg/ha, in straw – by 3.1…10.9 kg/ha, in grain – by 0.8…11.2 kg/ha In the studied technologies, no significant differences were found in the phosphorus content in the roots and straw of winter wheat. Grain obtained using traditional technology contained 0.06…0.10 % more phosphorus than with other technologies. The amount of potassium in the roots decreased by 0.03…0.05 % with minimal technology, compared to other technologies, which did not differ significantly in terms of this indicator. The amount of potassium in the straw during direct sowing was 0.04…0.05 % higher than with other technologies. The highest potassium content in the grain in the experiment was provided by traditional technology, and the lowest by minimal technology. According to the level of phosphorus and potassium accumulation in winter wheat plants, traditional and differentiated technologies were equivalent. In relation to them, minimal technology and direct sowing were inferior in the accumulation of phosphorus by plants by 4.8…13.2 %, potassium by 5.1…13.9 %. The removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from grain exceeds the level of return from roots and straw. The balance of nitrogen and phosphorus was deficient. The greatest shortage of nitrogen occurs with minimal technology, and phosphorus with traditional technology. A positive potassium balance is achieved only through the application of mineral fertilizers.