Reading as a factor in the successful education of schoolchildren and students

In the introductory part, we name the pedagogical conditions for successful learning at school and university, while reading is singled out as the most productive type of educational activity for children, adolescents and youth. Reading is considered as a universal and active type of speech activity, which has versatile characteristics. In accordance with the task of the study, the functions of reading are defined: intellectual, aesthetic, hedonistic, ideological, cognitive, communicative and applied and further we trace the dynamics of the reader's development. The main part shows the stages of reading training of students: beginning readers in elementary school go through a period of formation of reading methods and skills, achieve such a personal result as reading independence. Schoolchildren of the middle level of education master the strategies of reading works of different styles and genres. Students are taught the basics of professional reading and reading culture. We indicated the directions of literary science dealing with readers. Methodologists and teachers are responsible for the results of teaching reading, therefore, the role-playing game as a type of educational activity and a variant of teacher's reading training is considered in detail. The effectiveness of the process of teaching reading includes a number of indicators: the reader's outlook, the presence of a full reading skill, groups of reading skills in working with texts and books, productive ways of working before reading, in the process of reading and after reading the text and book, associated with the type of correct and cultural reading activity. The theoretical-activity approach to the reading preparation of students correlates with the practiceoriented approach to the reading preparation of schoolchildren. The conclusions are based on the scientific schools of the formation of readers in different directions of the study of the problem.