Vol 33, No 2 (2023)

Introduction. Rice grawing is an important branch of crop sector in Kuban, which produces about 80% of Russian rice. One of the significant factors reducing the yield of this crop is the presence of high-stemmed weeds growing in the canals and on the rollers of the rice paddy fields. The problem is the lack of structural and technological scheme for the sprayer to protect the rice irrigation system from the reeds providing local treatment of their panicles. When treating the weeds that are on the perimeter of the rice paddy field, the unit is under the influence of disturbances that arise from the unevenness of the relief of the field. These disturbances cause oscillation of the boom in the vertical and horizontal directions, which has a negative impact on the quality of processing the reed panicles.
Materials and Methods. In theoretical studies, the mathematics and theoretical mechanics methods were used. Experimental studies were conducted on rice irrigation systems of Krasnoarmeiskiy district of Krasnodar region using planning experiments.
Results. The design and technological scheme of the sprayer with a right-handed boom, formed according the placement of the reed upper points y = 310,84x0,0955, located in the channel of the paddy field is proposed. Based on the sprayer movement model, the range of boom position variation differs from the regulated value for plowing – 3.1 %; rice stubble – 1.4 %; rape – 0.6 %; clean fallow – 2.3 %; winte r wheat – 1.4 %.
Discussion and Conclusion. The obtained data show an insignificant difference in the variation of boom oscillation of the proposed sprayer from the adjustment value, which positively affects the quality and accuracy of treating reed panicles. The obtained results can be used for serial production of sprayers for treating high-stemmed weeds in rice irrigation system and high-growing crops.

Introduction. Operational methods to monitor the power indicators of engines for continuous diagnosis of their technical condition are of particular interest for creating optimal operating conditions of motor and tractor machinery.
Materials and Methods. The Bashkir State Agrarian University proposed and successfully tested an operational method for assessing the technical condition of diesel engines with direct-acting fuel equipment on their mechanical efficiency, which is determined by the performance of their fuel equipment adjusted using the diesel itself as an adjusting stand.The possibility of using the proposed method for diesel engines with storage fuel systems was investigated.
Results. The accuracy of determining the mechanical efficiency of diesel engines by electronically controlled fuel systems of battery type can be affected by the features of their work – the correction of cyclic feeds by the electronic engine control unit depending on the technical condition of the cylinders and high fuel injection pressure. To test this hypothesis, there were carried out studies on a four-cylinder D4EA 2.0 engine of a Hyundai Tuscon car with a Common Rail type storage fuel system. The engine fuel supply system was supplemented with an electronic unit integrated between the injector and the standard engine control unit, which interrupted the transmission line of the control signal to the injector according to a given algorithm without the standard unit transition to emergency mode.
Discussion and Conclusion. The proposed operational method for determining the mechanical efficiency can be successfully used for diesel engines with accumulator electronically controlled fuel supply systems. At the same time, an increase in the cyclic supply by the electronic control unit of the engine fuel supply system reduces the mechanical efficiency slightly, and it can be taken into account only in special cases.

Introduction. Reducing the distance of throwing soil into the zone around bushes and maintaining a leveled surface between rows of berry crops are urgent scientific problems.
Aim of the Article. To identify the basic parameters for the interaction of a spherical disk with waterlogged soil and on this basis to develop the technical solution for reducing the distance of soil throwing away in space between rows of berry crops.
Materials and Methods. The object of research is an orchard disc harrow equipped with a protective shield mounted in front of the outermost disc of the tool front panel. The subject of the research is the process of interaction of the end disc of the front harrow plate with the waterlogged soil in berry plantations. The length of the protective shield and its spatial orientation were chosen as optimization parameters for field experiments. The quality evaluation of intertillage of the berry plantations was carried out by profiling their surfaces.
Results. Based on the results of theoretical studies, it was found that the angle of inclination of the protective shield in the horizontal plane should be within 53–54°, and with respect to the movement of the harrow – 50–58°. The results of field experiments have confirmed the theoretical conclusions. It has been established that only a protective shield, the length of which is 450 mm and the installation angle of 50°, allows completely eliminating the side throw of the soil beyond the width of the tool. In addition, these parameters ensure the stable operation of the disc tool in almost any soil moisture and weed infestation of space between berry bushes.
Discussion and Conclusion. The use of a modernized tillage tool made it possible to exclude the soil throwing into the bush zone to increase the speed of the unit by 25%.

Introduction. A review of studies on the protection of threaded connections from corrosion shows that they have leaks that contribute to the development of crevice corrosion, which leads to a decrease in the mechanical strength of threaded connections and complicates dismantling. Modern lubricants and chemical thread fixatives do not provide corrosion protection and disassembly of threaded connections over a long service life, so the development of a more effective lubricant composition is an urgent task.
Materials and Methods. The parts of the M10 threaded pair with a thread pitch of 1.5 mm made of St3 steel, connecting two products, (prototypes) were lubricated with grease Zh-SKa 2/6-2, lithol-24, grease + oligomer D-10TM 5% by weight, composition of litol-24 + oligomer D-10TM 5% by weight, tightened to the moment of tightening force 80 N‧m, immersed in a 3% hydrochloric acid solution at a temperature of 22‒24°С. After 8 hours, the samples were removed from the solution and left in the air for 16 hours, which represented one cycle. According to the lubrication options, the number of parallel experiments was 5. Exposure duration – 24; 48; 96; 240; 480; 720 hours, after the expiration of which 5 samples of each lubricant option were disassembled, the value of the moment of the release force was recorded, the corrosion damage was assessed, and the coefficient of friction was calculated.
Results. An effective lubricant composition has been developed for processing parts of threaded connections, which increases their corrosion resistance and improves dismantling.
Discussion and Conclusion. When adding oligomer D-10TM 5% by weight in litol-24, there is a significant increase in the length of time before the appearance of foci of corrosion on the details of threaded connections and an improvement in their dismantling.
Implementation of the obtained results allows to increase the reliability of threaded connections.

Introduction. Under conditions of high demand for rubber products, continuous modernization of technological processes of continuous production is carried out. One of the tools to control the physical and chemical parameters of the resulting product is the technology of multipoint feeding of controlling impurities that can significantly affect the molecular characteristics of polymers. However, it is difficult to experimentally select the technology of multipoint feeding of controlling impurities to achieve the given molecular characteristics of polymers.
Materials and Methods. For more accurate mathematical modeling of polymer synthesis processes, two approaches to the model description of the system under study are considered:1) Kinetic approach. In this case, the developed algorithm is based on the method of moments in combination with numerical methods for solving systems of ordinary differential equationsthat characterize the change in the material balance for each reaction component. When describing large-tonnage production, a modular principle is proposed, according to which the kinetics model is supplemented by hydrodynamic regularities that depend on the reactor type.2) Statistical approach (Monte Carlo method). The algorithm for implementing the statistical approach is based on the probabilistic nature of elementary reactions. 
Results. Using kinetic and statistical approaches new dependences of conversion and characteristic viscosity on polymerizer number were obtained, which showed satisfactory agreement with the values of the experimental results. Comparative analysis of calculated molecular-mass distribution curves of obtained product was carried out. 
Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis of the molecular chain structure of the copolymerization product under conditions of adding the third control point characterizes the decrease in rigidity and increase in elasticity of the resulting product, and the created digital evaluation tools allow by means of computational experiments to select optimal parameters of the regulator feeding in order to obtain polymers with a given molecular mass.