Analysis of sanitary legislation of the Russian Empire of the XIX century

the article provides a detailed analysis of the sanitary legislation of the 19th century, primarily the Statute of the Medical Police and the Statute of the medical, included in the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire and served as the legal basis for the organization of sanitary affairs in Russia. The problems of applying these legislative acts are considered in detail, in particular, that a significant number of instructions and circular orders have been issued in various departments to develop and clarify the Statute of the medical police. As a result of all this, the use of the Charter was extremely difficult. A separate problem was the fact that there was no government or private publication that would combine all the legal provisions related, in particular, to the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population and the sanitary condition of populated areas. The article also analyzes the Statute on Punishments imposed by magistrates for offenses against public amenities and against public health, issued to impose penalties on violators of the regulations of the Medical Police. Statistical data on the establishment of sanitary affairs in the cities of the Russian Empire in the early twentieth century are studied and presented. The research methodology includes an in-depth comprehensive analysis of historical sources, primarily the normative legal acts in force in the 19th century on the designated problem. It is concluded that sanitary standards in the Russian Empire of the 19th century were regulated in sufficient detail to the needs of that time, but the lack of a general sanitary organization and control by the state negatively affected the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population, as well as the emerging branch of sanitary legislation.

санитарное законодательство, санитарные требования, ответственность, законодательные акты, санитарное благоустройство, санитарный надзор