The development of the position of women in the family in the Arctic in the mid-19th – early 20th centuries

this work is devoted to identifying the general and specific features of the position of women in the families of the Koryaks, Tungus (Evenks), Chukchi, Yakuts, Eskimos and Aleuts. Based on the analysis of the historiography of the Soviet and modern periods, an analysis of the role and place of women in the family in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries is carried out, associated with the gender division of labor and the attitude to the place and importance of women in marital relations. It was found that production specialization to varying degrees separated women from men, most sharply among the Chukchi. It was revealed that the position of women in the family of different peoples of the Arctic in the mid-19th - early 20th centuries had differences, was more or less subordinate to their husbands. It is concluded that despite the fact that family traditions and customs were very similar, each of the Arctic peoples had its own ethnic specifics. Families of the Arctic peoples were more patriarchal than in other territories of the Russian Empire, the maximum remoteness from the center and the closed culture prevented the development of women's emancipation in full. The study of customs and traditions, culture and everyday life of the Arctic peoples, including the history of the position of women in the family, are of both scientific and educational interest, and have practical significance for future specialists in regional studies.

Arctic, women, family situation, customs, everyday life, division of labor