Neurological manifestations in patients with new coronavirus infection COVID-19

Most commonly, COVID-19 presents as a respiratory disease, but a growing body of clinical evidence shows that neurological symptoms and complications contribute significantly to the clinical spectrum of the disease, especially in patients with severe disease. The public health impact of the long-term (or even life-long) consequences of the disease may be much greater than the acute manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection. As the pandemic has evolved, the number of neurological manifestations as part of the clinical spectrum of the disease has increased. The diverse neurological manifestations of COVID-19 range from mild symptoms (myalgia, headache, fatigue, dizziness, anosmia, ageusia) to more severe manifestations such as encephalopathy, encephalitis, acute and chronic polyneuropathy. Neurological symptoms and complications of COVID-19 do not necessarily require direct infection of structures in the peripheral or central nervous system, but may occur secondary to a severe systemic reaction to SARS-CoV-2 infection outside the nervous system. The neurotoxicity of SARS-CoV-2 infection may be secondary to immune-mediated pathogenesis and coagulation dysfunction. To substantiate the therapeutic choice, it is necessary to study the pathophysiological processes and clinical trials.