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Vol 517, No 1 (2024)
CHEMISTRY
Inclusion Complex of Nitrate γ-Cyclodextrine with Conjugate of Tetrahydrocarbasol and Aminoadamantane
Abstract
The possibility of obtaining the inclusion complex of γ-cyclodextrin nitrate with tetrahydrocarbazole and aminoadamantane conjugate, a promising drug for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, was investigated and proved using XRD, DSC, HPLC and NMR. It was found that the obtained complex, unlike the active substance itself, is soluble in water, and its cellular toxicity does not exceed that of the active substance, which contributes to the increase of its bioavailability and provides the possibility of conducting the necessary biological studies. It was found that the formed inclusion complex preserves the medicinal properties of the active substance, exhibiting mitoprotective and microtubule-stabilizing activities, and also possesses a pronounced antioxidant activity, effectively inhibiting spontaneous lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate.
3-12
Stabilizing Influence of Electron-Deficient Triazole Fragment on the Furan Heterocycle in Renewable Platform Chemicals
Abstract
The effect of an aromatic triazole ring conjugated with a furan heterocycle on the stability of furan under various reaction conditions was studied, and a significant reduction in the degree of degradation of the electron-rich furan core and hydrolysis of the ester group under the action of a model acid and base in various organic solvents was shown. The lowest degree of degradation and hydrolysis of the triazole-substituted 2-furoic acid ester was achieved in dioxane, as well as in polar aprotic solvents (DMSO and DMF). It was shown that under the same conditions, a significant tarring and hydrolysis of the furan ester, which does not contain a conjugated triazole fragment, occurs.
13-23
CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
Multiset Grammars as a Basic Knowledge Representation Model for Intelligent Systems Enabling Chemical Reactions Engineering
Abstract
Application of multiset grammars as a knowledge representation model for intelligent systems, enabling analysis, optimization and design of complex chemical reactions, is proposed. This approach makes it possible to implant chemical knowledge bases into knowledge bases of intelligent systems, implementing smart planning and scheduling in cyberphysical industry, and thus to move to integrated end-to-end smart control of vast heterogeneous industrial clusters.
24-32
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Kinetic Regularities of Nanogold Synthesis. Auto-Catalytic Mechanism of the Process
Abstract
The work is devoted to the study of the kinetics of colloidal gold formation. On the basis of experimental data, a kinetic model including the stages of Au3+ and Au1+ reduction with the formation of metallic gold nanoparticles was developed. A kinetic feature of the process is the presence of a long induction period (several hours), while an increase in the induction period is observed with increasing concentration of the initial reagent (Au3+). Kinetic modeling shows that the induction period is determined by the process of reverse oxidation of Au0 with intermediate formation of one-electron oxidized gold. The principal result is the demonstration of the fact of acceleration of the process gold nanoparticles formation (reduction of the induction period) when the final product (Au0) is introduced into the system, which is an unambiguous sign of the autocatalytic process. Estimates of rate constants of all elementary stages of the reaction have been made, the slowest process being the first stage of Au3+ reduction.
33-38
Detection of Chemically Hazardous Substances by Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Abstract
A comparison of chemical detectors based on ion mobility spectrometry used by rapid response services for the rapid detection and identification of a wide range of chemically hazardous substances has been carried out. The physical foundations of the registration method, the method of mathematical processing of spectra and determination of the ionic mobility of substances are presented. A procedure for the preparation of test samples of vapors of volatile organic compounds in a wide range of concentrations has been developed. To identify the compounds, domestic devices were used – the Kerber-T ion drift detector and the Segment stationary automatic gas detector. Their comparison in sensitivity and detection range in the identification of compounds was carried out. The research was conducted on a set of substances standardized to ensure safety in terrorist attacks. As a result of the work, ion mobility spectra for bromocyanum, carbon disulfide, and chloroacetone were obtained. The values of ionic mobility were determined, the dependences of the spectra of these compounds on the concentration in the air were investigated, as well as the limits of detection of substances. Possible mechanisms for the formation of the observed ion mobility spectra are proposed in accordance with the ionization characteristics of bromocyanate, carbon disulfide, and chloroacetone. Schemes of possible formation of monomeric and dimeric ions of compounds are shown. The generalized results of experimental studies, the peculiarities of the identification of compounds, taking into account the type of spectra, concentrations of substances and measurement conditions, are obtained.
39-48