Vol 7, No 4 (2025)

Treatment of intra-articular fractures of the distal humerus is a serious problem in modern traumatology and orthopedics. Humeral condyle fractures are complex injuries, affecting both children and adults. Treatment approaches for humeral condyle fractures are determined individually and depend on the severity of the injury. The research purpose is to demonstrate successful treatment of a closed traumatic dislocation of the right forearm and a closed fracture of the lateral condyle of the right humerus with displacement of fragments using an original technique. Materials and methods. This article was written using medical records from a trauma hospital, instrumental examination results, and patient follow-up. A search was also conducted in open electronic scientific databases such as PubMed and the Russian scientific electronic library eLibrary. Results. An open reduction of the right forearm dislocation, open reduction of the lateral condyle fracture, osteosynthesis with screws and a cerclage-wire loop, and transarticular fixation of the right elbow with Kirschner wires were performed. Analyzing the surgical results in this case report, it can be concluded that the treatment of comminuted humeral condyle injuries is a complex task requiring a comprehensive approach. Early diagnosis and surgical treatment using the presented method are key factors in preventing unsatisfactory results. Conclusion. The treatment of humeral condyle fractures remains controversial. The complexity of treating such fractures is due to the anatomical features of this segment and the presence of a large number of vessels and nerves. This original method of osteosynthesis of the lateral humeral condyle is one of the key ways to achieve the shortest possible restoration of anatomical function in patients.

Distal humeral fractures remain one of the most challenging problems in traumatology due to the anatomical features of this region and the high risk of complications. In addition to the traditional use of metal pins for humeral osteosynthesis, extrafocal osteosynthesis with various types of external fixation devices is also used in clinical practice. The purpose of this publication is to clinically demonstrate the treatment of a poorly healing comminuted fracture with diastasis of fragments by installing an external fixation device on the right humerus and inserting Schanz screws into the proximal and distal ends of the right humerus. Materials and methods. In addition to analyzing the case report, we conducted a systematic review of publications in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and eLibrary databases. The results were obtained using the equipment of the Center for Collective Use of Scientific Equipment at Derzhavin Tambov State University. Results. Osteosynthesis of a poorly healing comminuted humeral fracture was performed, thereby creating conditions for distraction in the fracture zone of the right humerus. The patient was discharged eight days after surgery in satisfactory condition. The periradicular wounds show no signs of inflammation, and shoulder and elbow joint range of motion is satisfactory. Due to extrafocal fixation, movement in adjacent joints, range of motion, and physical therapy were preserved. Sensation and blood flow to the limb are preserved. Conclusion. Transosseous compression-distraction osteosynthesis remains the gold standard in the treatment of complex distal humerus fractures, particularly in cases of delayed union, comminuted injuries, and post-traumatic deformities. It is important to consider the individual characteristics of each case and select the optimal treatment method based on the patient's age, condition, and injury type.

This research examines current issues in brain tumor imaging. According to global statistics of 2023, the annual incidence of malignant brain tumors in adults is approximately 7 cases per 100000 people and increases with age, confirming the relevance of studying imaging diagnostic methods in the early detection of brain tumors.

The purpose of this review is to present the current capabilities of imaging diagnostics used for brain tumor neuroimaging.

Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, an analysis of modern Russian and international literature was conducted. The search was based on the Russian resources eLibrary and Cyberleninka and foreign resources PubMed, Google Scholar.

Results. This research discusses the capabilities of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging including diffusion-weighted imaging, perfusion studies, and MRI spectroscopy in tumor diagnostics and determination of their histological grading. Particular attention is paid to promising methods, such as positron emission tomography with radiopharmaceuticals, which enable the assessment of tumor metabolic activity and the differentiation of tumor recurrence from radiation-induced changes.

Conclusion. Current capabilities in brain tumor imaging characterized by high sensitivity, specificity, and noninvasiveness provide physicians with the necessary tools to make informed clinical decisions aimed at improving treatment outcomes. Further development and integration of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, promise to further improve the accuracy and effectiveness of brain tumor imaging.