Toponymy of Britain

this article examines the history of the British Isles before the Battle of Hastings through the prism of migration waves and conquests, as well as their reflection in mythology and toponymy. The main goal of the study is to deeply analyze the relationship between historical events and mythological narratives, since these works not only reflect the cultural characteristics of their time, but also serve as important sources for understanding the historical processes that took place in the British Isles. The work considers key migrations of Celtic tribes, such as the arrival of the Britons, Picts and Scots, as well as the impact of Roman rule on the culture, language and social structures of the region. Particular attention is paid to how the Roman conquests changed the cultural heritage of Britain. Roman toponyms and their evolution are examined in the context of historical changes, which allows us to trace the transformation of geographical identity and its impact on the local population. The objectives of the study include identifying changes in the linguistic environment and cultural identity of the peoples of the British Isles under the influence of conquerors, as well as analyzing how mythology reflects these changes. The practical application of the study is to deepen the understanding of the cultural identity and historical memory of the peoples of the region. The results can be useful for historians, linguists and cultural scientists seeking a more complete understanding of the legacy of Roman influence on Britain. In addition, the work can contribute to further research in the field of mythology and its role in the formation of collective consciousness, which is relevant for the study of not only British but also world history.

toponymy of the British Isles, Latin toponyms, Roman conquest of Britain, oikonyms, hydronyms, complex toponyms