The history of mycological studies in Khanty-Mansi autonomous okrug: 2) studies of Macromycetes, Lichens and Myxomycetes, state of mycological collections and fungal records database

In the first part of this paper we discussed the importance of mycological studies in the Northern regions of West Siberia with developing infrastructure and relatively young mycological research history. The period of the first isolated studies in the beginning of 20^th century was described first. The developing of research on lignicolous basidiomycetes and phytopathological studies were analyzed then. In the second part of publication we continue to describe other research directions and summarize the species records in a regional occurrence database.

The terricolous macrofungi are important ecological group of saprotrophs and ecto-mycorrhizal species. The diversity of macrofungi was studied in a number of regions in Khanty-Mansi AO: the most intense studies were made in its capital – Khanty-Mansiysk vicinities and in the south-east part (Yuganskiy Nature Reserve). N. V. Filippova with co-authors revealed species diversity and community structure in forests near Khanty-Mansiysk and E. A. Zvyagina with coauthors are making continuous studies of funga in Yuganskiy reserve. In addition to annotated species lists, the particular features of ecology, biology and abundance were described in separate works for some rare and protected or under-studied species. The study of mycobiota of clavarioid basidiomycetes was made in one conservation area (A. G. Shiryaev). The most well-known Internet-resource collecting information on macromycetes in West Siberia is «Fungi of Novosibirsk region» also fulfilled by species findings from KHMAO (T. M. Bulyonkova).

The area of Khanty-Mansi AO is sufficiently bogged where peatlands could cover up to 70% of the territory in some regions. The fungal communities of peatlands (raised bogs) were studied here in details, such as: macrofungi, microfungi on different litter debris of bog plants, yeasts on Sphagnum and bog plants, lignicolous fungi of bog pines and others.

The lichens represent the large part of species diversity of fungi described in the region. The lichen mycobiota was described in several conservation areas, the highest diversity revealed in the North Ural mountains reaching about 900 species within a relatively small area (N. V. Sedelnikova).

The species diversity of myxomycetes revealed in two studies in conservation areas.

The fungal conservation programs were started in the region since the publication of the first Red list of fungi (2003). Henceforth, the knowledge about rare species was accumulating during following diversity studies and specialized rare species monitoring programs. The second improved edition of Red list of fungi (2013) includes 53 species of fungi and 29 species of lichens.

There were three species and one combination newly described in the region during the history of its research and some additional works report on collections of possibly under-described species which leaves a wide field of future work.

The last paragraph requires the development of the fungal collections (fungaria) which could promote research in fungal diversity, taxonomy, ecology and applied fields in the region. There are only five known to us collections of fungi located in the region, which are part of biological collections of museums, universities or Nature Reserves. The total amount of specimens of fungi and lichens in these collections reaches 10 000. The large part of collected and identified specimens are stored nevertheless outside the borders of KHMAO in the central Russian collections (like LE, Botanical Institute in Saint-Petersburg) or in other collections located in the researchers’ institutions.

As a result of summarizing the above mentioned publications, the database of fungal record was created. The Fungal Records Database of Yugra includes about 15 fields describing species name, publication source, herbarium number, data of collection, geography, and some ecological features and presently realized as Google-spreadsheet (available from: https://fungariumysu.org/fredy). It will be hopefully developed in a complex relational database according to present biological database standards in future. Presently, the database includes about 14 000 records of fungal findings in the region and adjacent areas reported from 76 scientific publications.

According to the database summary report, there are about 2600 species and subspecies taxa identified within KHMAO up-to-date. The richest studied groups are Agaricoid basidiomycetes (781 species, or 30%), Lichens (973 species, 37%) and Aphyllophoroid basidiomycetes (504 species, 19%). The less studied groups are Ascomycetes (9%), Myxomycetes (3%), Heterobasidiomycetous fungi, Yeasts and Rusts (<1%).