Analysis of the causes of lethal outcome in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus
- Authors: Tukhasheva F.Y.1, Markova A.V.1, Zhelobov V.G.1, Goryacheva O.G.1, Malelin E.G.1, Mekhonoshin K.D.1
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Affiliations:
- Ye. A. Vagner Perm State Medical University
- Issue: Vol 42, No 4 (2025)
- Pages: 55-63
- Section: Review of literature
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/PMJ/article/view/312916
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/pmj42455-63
- ID: 312916
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Abstract
Over 37 million HIV-infected people live in the world and many of them die due to the progression and decompensation of somatic diseases. The aim of the study is to determine the rating of fatal outcomes causes of HIV-infected patients according to the data of the authors from different countries of the world.
Data from 287 full-text articles were analyzed, from which 32 sources most relevant to the purpose of the study were selected. The leading causes of death in HIV-infected patients were infectious complications and opportunistic infections characteristic of the AIDS stage, along with concomitant tuberculosis infection (55.1 %). Cardiovascular diseases ranked second (20.6 %), followed by cancer (14.6 %), liver diseases, including alcoholic and viral hepatitis and cirrhosis (8.5 %), and only 1.1% are accounted for by all other diseases. Mortality from infective endocarditis, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, acute cerebrovascular event, pulmonary embolism and acute decompensation of chronic heart failure together account for 82.5 % of all cardiovascular causes of mortality.
Monitoring of patients with HIV infection should be comprehensive, involving infectious disease specialists, therapeutic and cardiology services, with increased cancer vigilance. The challenges of HIV infection concerning early development of cardiovascular pathology and elevated mortality from cardiovascular diseases should not be ignored.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
F. Ya. Tukhasheva
Ye. A. Vagner Perm State Medical University
Email: o.goryacheva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-2157-8361
6th-year Student of the Faculty of Medicine
Russian Federation, PermA. V. Markova
Ye. A. Vagner Perm State Medical University
Email: o.goryacheva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-9105-481X
6th-year Student of the Faculty of Medicine
Russian Federation, PermV. G. Zhelobov
Ye. A. Vagner Perm State Medical University
Email: zhelobov.v@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0780-3116
DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Polyclinic Therapy
Russian Federation, PermO. G. Goryacheva
Ye. A. Vagner Perm State Medical University
Author for correspondence.
Email: o.goryacheva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3336-229X
PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Polyclinic Therapy
Russian Federation, PermE. G. Malelin
Ye. A. Vagner Perm State Medical University
Email: o.goryacheva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-8837-9376
6th-year Student of the Faculty of Medicine
Russian Federation, PermK. D. Mekhonoshin
Ye. A. Vagner Perm State Medical University
Email: o.goryacheva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-7259-9759
6th-year Student of the Faculty of Medicine
Russian Federation, PermReferences
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Supplementary files

Note
Over 37 million HIV-infected people live in the world and many of them die due to the progression and decompensation of somatic diseases. The aim of the study is to determine the rating of fatal outcomes causes of HIV-infected patients according to the data of the authors from different countries of the world.
Data from 287 full-text articles were analyzed, from which 32 sources most relevant to the purpose of the study were selected. The leading causes of death in HIV-infected patients were infectious complications and opportunistic infections characteristic of the AIDS stage, along with concomitant tuberculosis infection (55.1 %). Cardiovascular diseases ranked second (20.6 %), followed by cancer (14.6 %), liver diseases, including alcoholic and viral hepatitis and cirrhosis (8.5 %), and only 1.1% are accounted for by all other diseases. Mortality from infective endocarditis, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, acute cerebrovascular event, pulmonary embolism and acute decompensation of chronic heart failure together account for 82.5 % of all cardiovascular causes of mortality.
Monitoring of patients with HIV infection should be comprehensive, involving infectious disease specialists, therapeutic and cardiology services, with increased cancer vigilance. The challenges of HIV infection concerning early development of cardiovascular pathology and elevated mortality from cardiovascular diseases should not be ignored.