Vol 6, No 4 (2024)

The review is devoted to the problem of forming functional reserves and increasing the adaptive capabilities of the human body to the action of negative factors of various nature, including those accompanied by violations of the antioxidant status. Functional reserves are determined by the metabolic and bioenergetic capabilities of the body, as well as the possibility of interaction of organs and body systems for self-regulation and optimization of its physiological functions. The levels of functional reserves determine the body’s ability to adapt urgently or long-term. Oxidative stress is a non–specific pathogenetic process that develops as a result of a sharp increase in oxidative (free radical, peroxide) processes with insufficient functioning of the endogenous antioxidant system of the body. Almost all pathological conditions are more or less accompanied by the development of oxidative stress, which determines the relevance and prospects of this study. Urgent and long-term compensatory mechanisms in oxidative stress are associated with the optimization of cellular energy supply and the state of the endogenous antioxidant system of the body, in which a special role belongs to the correction of mitochondrial disorders. Ensuring the functional capabilities of the body for urgent adaptation is possible using a complex of pharmacological preparations of multifunctional action based on antioxidants. Increasing the effectiveness of the formation of long-term adaptation is advisable due to the moderate and short-term effect of prooxidants on the body, for example, in widespread hypoxic training.

This work represents a clinical-population study of the state of oncological care in Russia, focused on malignant skin neoplasms (C44). The study analyzes data on the prevalence of this disease, the quality of case accounting, age characteristics, and the localization and histological structure of tumors. The aim of this research is to continue the investigation into the patterns of prevalence of skin neoplasms (C44), assess the quality of primary accounting, and evaluate the impact of the coronavirus infection epidemic on analytical indicators of prevalence and patient survival. The conducted study confirmed the trend of increasing morbidity and decreasing mortality from skin neoplasms (C44) among the population of Russia and the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation. A clear positive dynamics in the quality of accounting is observed. Special attention is given to the specifics of morbidity changes in neoplasms (C44) considering each age group of the population of Russia. At the population level, the age-specific mortality of patients is presented for each year of observation, analyzed in the context of five-year cohort groups. For the first time, a trend has been identified showing an increase in annual mortality from skin neoplasms (C44) after the sixth year of observation following the treatment of patients.

The work is devoted to the analysis of the impact of energy efficiency improvements on the environmental and economic aspects of the vaccine production life cycle. In the context of the growing need for global vaccination and taking into account significant losses due to violations of the cold chain, the study focuses on reducing energy consumption and optimizing resource use. The analysis of costs, greenhouse gas emissions, and the impact on the cost of vaccines will determine the economic and environmental benefits of implementing energy-efficient technologies, contributing to sustainable development and increasing the availability of vaccination.

The problem of coordinating the ranks of higher eukaryotic taxa was specifically considered by us in the monograph and a recent article. However, we omitted most of the formal descriptions of the proposed taxa in the new rank. The purpose of this article is a formal description of a number of taxa established by us in the monograph “Nomenclature and rank correlation of higher taxa of eukaryotes and subsequent interface updates”. Here we formally described such taxa as Eocorticata regn. nov., Tsaralia regn. nov., Apusomonadea intraregn. nov., Breviatea intraregn. nov., Eochromista superphyl. nov., Zoosporia superphyl. nov., Eurhodophyta div. nov., Proteorhodophyta div. nov., Anaeramoebea phyl. et cl. nov., Calkinsea phyl. nov., Meteora phyl. nov., Syssomonadea phyl. nov., Chlorodendrophytina subdiv. nov., Chloropicophytina subdiv. nov., Dikaryomycotina subdiv. nov., Pedinophytina subdiv. nov., Picocystophytina subdiv. nov., Sanchytriomycotina subdiv. nov., Agaricomycia supercl. nov., Calcarisporiellomycia supercl. nov., Ceratiomyxomycia supercl. nov., Chytridiomycia supercl. nov., Entomophthoromycia supercl. nov., Entorrhizomycia supercl. nov., Kickxellomycia supercl. nov., Mortierellomycia supercl. nov., Mucoromycia supercl. nov., Myxogasteromycia supercl. nov., Monoblepharomycia supercl. nov., Neocallimastigomycia supercl. nov., Saccharomycia supercl. nov., Acytosteliomycetes cl. nov., Liceomycetes cl. nov., Microheliellida cl. nov., Paratrimastigidea cl. nov., Protosporangiomycetes cl. nov., Pycnococcophyceae cl. nov. The main trends of further improvement of the rank structure of the eukaryote tree we see in 1) some multiplication of the supregroups described for the few taxa now located among the Amoebozoans and TSAR, as well as many environmental sequences; 2) further rationalization of the Fungi and Metazoa system using intercalary taxonomic categories (including additional and not prescribed in both nomenclatural codes ones), and 3) further automatization of the ranking procedure and solving the problem of rank estimating for distant “orphan” taxa.

The essay is dedicated to Professor David Abelievich (or Aleksandrovich) Zilber, who made significant contributions to the development of educational activities at the Leningrad Chemical-Pharmaceutical Institute. The foundation of this research is based on available archival materials, including family documents, which allowed for a deeper understanding of his multifaceted professional activity. The analysis of documentary sources and published works of D. A. Zilber reveals not only his organizational efforts but also his innovative scientific approaches in the field of occupational hygiene. His role in training specialists — engineers, chemists, and technologists — capable of successfully working in the chemical-pharmaceutical industry is hard to overestimate. The essay presents a brief historical and biographical study that recreates the image of a prominent scientist and a brilliant organizer of science. It briefly describes the scientist’s activities at the 2^nd Leningrad Medical Institute and the Leningrad Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Professional Diseases. It highlights not only David Zilber’s professional achievements but also his personal qualities, such as determination, persistence, and dedication, which contributed to his success. Zilber’s works and ideas continue to influence modern approaches to the hygienic education of pharmaceutical workers.