Targeted delivery of the domestic anticancer drug from the group of aziridine triazines (literature review)

Currently, the targeted delivery of anticancer drugs can significantly increase the effectiveness of therapy, reduce the side effects of systemic chemotherapy, and improve the quality of patients with cancer. This review aimed to summarize data about the domestic antitumor drug 2,4-bis(1-aziridinyl)-6-(2,2-dimethyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)amino-1,3,5-thriazine (dioxadet), its nanoforms, possibilities of its use in the clinic, and main antitumor nanodrugs clinically introduced in recent years. Library databases (eLibrary, PubMed, CyberLeninka, ResearchGate, Springer, Wiley Online Library, and Elsevier) were searched for relevant information. The literature review summarizes data on the preclinical trials of dioxadet and provides information on its nanoforms, such as nanogels, nanodiamonds, silica particles, and copolymers with lactic and caproic acids. New drug nanoforms open up opportunities to reduce drug side effects and systemic toxicity, maintain optimal therapeutic concentrations, increase the drug circulation time in the blood, and control its release. The possibility of using chemopreparation cytotoxic doses is the main advantage of new nanodrugs. To date, approximately 20 antitumor nanodrugs have been introduced in clinical practice, and some nanodrugs are undergoing preclinical trials or are in various phases of clinical trials. Thus, the development of a new effective nanoform, i.e., dioxadet, makes it possible to ensure targeted drug delivery in higher cytotoxic doses to target cells, increase selective action, and reduce cytostatic toxicity to normal cells.