现代混合战争的军事医学
- 作者: Ovchinnikov D.V.1, Ivchenko E.V.1
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隶属关系:
- Military Medical Academy
- 期: 卷 43, 编号 3 (2024)
- 页面: 331-340
- 栏目: Reviews
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/RMMArep/article/view/275801
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/rmmar633158
- ID: 275801
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详细
在俄罗斯参与的混合武装冲突—“特别军事行动”—过程中,武装部队的医疗服务面临着一系列挑战。本综述分析了 PubMed® 索引中涉及军队医疗服务条件和影响因素的国外出版物,主要涉及北约国家。研究表明,限制有效医疗活动的因素是医务人员的配备和素质,他们在战时条件下为特定病症提供医疗服务的准备程度,以及是否将这些能力保持在最新状态。成功提供医疗服务的关键条件还包括,在医疗单位部署设施受到有针对性的攻击时,仍能保持这些设施的完整性,并有可能利用敌占区或新占领区的基础设施。院前急救是降低死亡率的限制因素,地雷爆炸伤中的致命出血和头部伤害是主要原因。熟练使用止血带、快速撤离和输血对降低院前死亡率贡献最大。在卫生损失中肢体损伤尤为突出,因为肢体损伤随后会给国家造成最大的社会负担,按“残疾生活年数”参数计算,超过了包括癌症和心血管疾病在内的所有其他类别的疾病。在现代冲突中,地雷爆炸伤(61.4%-83.5%)和头部受伤(20.9%-59.0%)占绝对多数,它们在致死率方面最危险,而肢体受伤(45.7%)在随后的疾病负担方面最危险,它们是交战国武装部队医疗服务的主要应用点。然而,各国对实施专业和专科护理的地点并没有统一的做法。
作者简介
Dmitrii V. Ovchinnikov
Military Medical Academy
编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: dv.ovchinnikov-vma@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8408-5301
SPIN 代码: 5437-3457
MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor
俄罗斯联邦, Saint PetersburgEvgeniy V. Ivchenko
Military Medical Academy
Email: 8333535@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5582-1111
SPIN 代码: 5228-1527
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor
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