Features of immune response profiles in blood and nasal secretions based on individual cytokine levels in chronic rhinosinusitis: a case–control study

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Immune responses differ between chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps, which affects the condition of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa.

AIM: This work aimed to investigate the characteristics of cytokine regulation in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps.

METHODS: This case–control study included 57 patients with rhinosinusitis (rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, n = 30; chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps, n = 27) and a control group (n = 43) of apparently healthy individuals. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Clinical Pathophysiology, Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North. Venous blood and nasal secretions were collected for analysis. Concentrations of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-4 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10.0. Data are presented as median and interquartile range (25th–75th percentiles). The groups were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Significantly higher concentrations of TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10 were observed in serum (p1–3 < 0.001) and in nasal secretions (р1–3 < 0.001) in the rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps group vs. the control group. In patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps, serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 were significantly elevated (p1–4 < 0.001), whereas nasal secretion concentrations of IL-4 and IL-10 were also higher compared with controls (p1–2 < 0.001). In the rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps group, concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 were significantly lower in both serum (р1–3 < 0.001) and nasal secretions (р1 < 0.05; р2–3 < 0.001) compared with the group without polyps. At the same time, the concentrations of the anti-inflammatory interleukins IL-4 and IL-10 were higher in serum (р1–2 < 0.001) and in nasal secretions (р1–2 < 0.001) in patients with rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

CONCLUSION: Both forms of chronic rhinosinusitis are characterized by increased concentrations of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-4 compared with healthy individuals. Rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps demonstrates a dominant Th2-type immune response at both systemic and local levels, whereas chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps is characterized by mixed immune mechanisms.

About the authors

Anna M. Lazareva

Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North; Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University

Author for correspondence.
Email: nuraaa@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7972-3719
SPIN-code: 7614-0770

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), senior research associate; Assistant Professor, Depart. of Medical Biology

Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk; Krasnoyarsk

Olga V. Smirnova

Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North; Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University

Email: ovsmirnova71@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3992-9207
SPIN-code: 2198-0265

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head, Lab. of Cellular Pathophysiology; Head, Depart. of Medical Biology

Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk; Krasnoyarsk

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