Features of dental diseases in children with albinism

Aim. To comparatively characterize the state of local and general immunity in patients with the primary diagnosis of albinism and oral mucosal diseases.

Methods. In the dental clinic of FSBEI HE «Kazan SMU MOH Russia» 4 patients aged 16 to 17 years are observed with the primary diagnosis of albinism and comorbid oral mucosal diseases. On initial examination 2 patients from group 1 were diagnosed with chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis, Sutton’s disease. K12.1. The control group (group 2) included 5 children aged 12 to 15 years diagnosed with chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis. The state of local immunity was assessed by the level of lysozyme of the oral fluid before and after the treatment. Lysozyme activity in the oral fluid was evaluated and calculated by our newly developed method. The state of local immunity was assessed by immunograms. Patients’ microbiologic status was evaluated by microscopic and bacteriological methods.

Results. Among the patients from group 1 with the diagnosis of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis, Sutton’s disease, the analysis of immunograms prior to the study revealed severe neutropenia (5.4±0.4×109/l), lymphocytosis (Т-lymphocytes 85±3.5%), leukopenia (2.2±0.1×109/l), increased level of immunoglobulin A (2.69±0.1 g/l), decreased number of phagocytes (2.6) and circulating immune complexes (22±1.48). In patients from the control group leukopenia (2.89±0.23×109/l), lymphocytosis (Т-lymphocytes 74.3±1.32%), insignificant increase of immunoglobulin G level (14.5±0.59 g/l), decreased number of phagocytes (4.5±0.5) and circulating immune complexes (38.67±1.23), and neutropenia (25.5±0.1×109/l) were revealed.

Conclusion. Cellular component of the general immunity in albinos insignificantly differs from the patients of the control group but no restoration of the cellular immunity occurs even in long-term remission; to choose the method of treatment for patients diagnosed with chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis it is necessary to determine the etiology of the disease, particularly, immunologic status of patients before and after the treatment.