Influence of pain on the development in preterm infants
- Authors: Andreyev A.V.1, Kharlamova N.V.1, Mezhinskij S.S.1, Shilova N.A.1
-
Affiliations:
- V.N. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Motherhood and Childhood
- Issue: Vol 12, No 1 (2021)
- Pages: 11-19
- Section: Original studies
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/pediatr/article/view/71194
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/PED12111-19
- ID: 71194
Cite item
Abstract
Introduction. The influence of uncontrolled exposure to pain in newborns in the first days of life on the long-term consequences for both the brain and the development of the nervous system as a whole is of interest.
The aim of the study was to assess the intensity of pain in preterm infants who need respiratory care in the early neonatal period and to determine its impact on the development of the child by the end of the first month of life.
Materials and methods. From December 2018 to December 2019, 92 preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the early neonatal period were examined. Pain intensity was assessed on the EDIN6 scale, and neuro-muscular maturity was assessed on the J. Ballard scale. The preterm infants were divided into 2 groups: Group I – 34 children who underwent invasive ventilation (body weight 1120 [865; 1390] g, gestational age 29 [26; 31] weeks); group II – 58 newborns who used non-invasive respiratory therapy (CPAP) (body weight 1160 [875; 1400] g, gestational age 29 [28; 31] weeks). Group I newborns had a lower Apgar score at 5 minutes (p = 0.001) and a higher Silverman score (p = 0.001).
Results and discussions. In all newborns, the maximum pain intensity score on the EDIN6 scale was registered on the 3rd day of life: in group I, it was 9, and in group II – points (p = 0.041), which corresponds to moderate pain. Group I children underwent more manipulations (20.8 ± 2.14 vs 17.7 ± 2.05; p = 0.016). An increase in the average airway pressure of ≥10 cm H2O in group I children and ≥6.5 cm H2O in group II patients is accompanied by an increase in the intensity of pain to severe and moderate, respectively. In both groups of children, an inverse correlation was found between the number of manipulations, head circumference (R = –0.64; p = 0.004) and the J. Ballard score on the 28th day of life (R = –0.57; p = 0.008). The number of painful manipulations in the early neonatal period, exceeding 21 procedures per day, increases the risk of delayed child development by more than 3.5 (p = 0.009; OR = 3.68; CI = 1.12–8.36).
Conclusion. The number of manipulations performed and the value of the average airway pressure are the main factors affecting the intensity of pain in preterm infants and determining their development in the neonatal period.
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Artem V. Andreyev
V.N. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Motherhood and Childhood
Author for correspondence.
Email: andreyevar@gmail.com
Postgraduate Student, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Neonatology, Anesthesiology and Resuscitation
Russian Federation, IvanovoNatalya V. Kharlamova
V.N. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Motherhood and Childhood
Email: nataliakhar13@yandex.ru
MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head, the Department of Neonatology and Clinical Neurology of Children’s Age
Russian Federation, IvanovoSemen S. Mezhinskij
V.N. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Motherhood and Childhood
Email: semen.mezhinsky@yandex.ru
MD, PhD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Neonatology, Anesthesiology and Resuscitation
Russian Federation, IvanovoNatalya A. Shilova
V.N. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Motherhood and Childhood
Email: shilova37@gmail.com
MD, PhD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior researcher, the Department of Neonatology and Clinical Neurology of Children’s Age
Russian Federation, IvanovoReferences
- Андреев А.В., Харламова Н.В., Межинский С.С., и др. Проблемы клинической оценки боли у новорожденных детей // Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии. – 2020. – Т. 65 — № 4. – С. 5–15. [Andreev AV, Kharlamova NV, Mezhinskiy SS, et al. Clinical assessment of pain in newborns. Russian Bulletin of perinatology and pediatrics. 2020;65(4): 5-15. (In Russ.)] https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2020-65-4-5-15
- Ведение новорожденных с респираторным дистресс-синдромом. Клинические рекомендации / под ред. Н.Н. Володина. – М., 2016. [Volodin NN, editor. Vedenie novorozhdennyh s respiratornym distress-sindromom. Klinicheskie rekomendacii. Moscow, 2016. (In Russ.)] Дата обращения: 19.07.2020. Режим доступа: http://www.raspm.ru/files/0236-rds-br2.pdf.
- Методическое письмо Минздрава России «Первичная и реанимационная помощь новорожденным детям» от 21 апреля 2010 г. № 15-4/10/2-3204. [Metodicheskoe pis’mo Minzdrava Rossii “Pervichnaja i reanimacionnaja pomoshh’ novorozhdennym detjam” ot 21 aprelja 2010 g. N15-4/10/2-3204. (In Russ.)]
- Фомин С.А., Александрович Ю.С., Фомина Е.А. Эволюция подходов к оценке боли у новорожденных // Неонатология: новости, мнения, обучение. – 2018. – Т. 6. – № 1. – C. 47–59. [Fomin SA, Aleksandrovich YS, Fomina EA. Evolution of approaches to evaluation pain in newborns. Neonatology. News, Opinions, Training. 2018;6(1):47–59. (In Russ.)]
- Als H. Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP): New frontier for neonatal and perinatal medicine. J Neonatal Perinatal Med. 2009;2(3):135-147. https://doi.org/10.3233/NPM-2009-0061
- Als H. Reading the premature infant. In: Developmental Interventions in the Neonatal Intensive Care Nursery. Goldson E., editor. NY: Oxford University Press, 1999:18-85.
- Anand KJS, Hickey PR. Pain and its effects in the human neonate and fetus. N Engl J Med. 1987;317(21):1321-1329. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198711193172105
- Brummelte S, Grunau RE, Chau V, et al. Procedural pain and brain development in premature newborns. Ann Neurol. 2012;7(3):385-396. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.22267
- Carbajal R, Rousset A, Danan C, et al. Epidemiology and treatment of painful procedures in neonates in intensive care units. JAMA. 2008;300(1):60-70. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.300.1.60
- Committee on Fetus and Newborn and Section on Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Prevention and management of procedural pain in the neonate: an update. Pediatrics. 2016;137(2): e20154271. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-4271
- Courtois E, Droutman S, Magny JF, et al. Epidemiology and neonatal pain management of heelsticks in intensive care units: EPIPPAIN2, a prospective observational study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2016;59:79-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.03.014
- Debillon T, Zupan V, Ravault N, et al. Development and initial validation of the EDIN scale, a new tool for assessing prolonged pain in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2001;85:36-41. https://doi.org/10.1136/fn.85.1.F36
- Gorzilio DM, Garrido E, Gaspardo CM, et al. Neurobehavioral development prior to term-age of preterm infants and acute stressful events during neonatal hospitalization. Early Hum Dev. 2015;91(12):769-775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.09.003
- Grunau RE, Oberlander TF, Whitfield MF, et al. Demographic and therapeutic determinants of pain reactivity in very low birth weight neonates at 32 weeks’ postconceptional age. Pediatrics. 2001;107(1): 105-112. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.107.1.105
- Janota J, Simak J, Stranak Z, et al. Critically ill newborns with multiple organ dysfunction: assessment by NEOMOD score in a tertiary NICU. Ir J Med Sci. 2008;77(1): 11-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-008-0115-5
- Marko T, Dickerson ML. Clinical handbook of neonatal pain management for nurses. NY; 2017. 219 p. https://doi.org/10.1891/9780826194381
- Mwaniki MK, Atieno M, Lawn JE, et al. Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes after intrauterine and neonatal insults: a systematic review. Lancet. 2012;379:445-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61577-8
- Lyngstad LT, Tandberg BS, Storm H, et al. Does skin-to-skin contact reduce stress during diaper change in preterm infants? Early Hum Dev. 2014;90(4):169-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.01.011
- Raffaeli G, Cristofori G, Befani B, et al. EDIN Scale Implemented by Gestational Age for Pain Assessment in Preterms: A Prospective Study. Biomed Res Int. 2017;1: e9253710. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9253710
- Rangon CM, Fortes S, Lelievre V, et al. Chronic mild stress during gestation worsens neonatal brain lesions in mice. J Neurosci. 2007;27(28):7532-7540. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5330-06.2007
- Smith GC, Gutovich J, Smyser C, et al. Neonatal intensive care unit stress is associated with brain development in preterm infants. Ann Neurol. 2011;70(4): 541-549. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.22545
- Valeri BO, Holsti L, Linhares MB. Neonatal pain and developmental outcomes in children born preterm: a systematic review. Clin J Pain. 2015;31(4):355-362. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000000114
- Vinall J, Miller SP, Bjornson BH, et al. Invasive procedures in preterm children: brain and cognitive development at school age. Pediatrics. 2014;133(3):412-421. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-1863
- Vinall J, Miller SP, Chau V, et al. Neonatal pain in relation to postnatal growth in infants born very preterm. Pain. 2012;153(7):1374-1381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2012.02.007
- Williams MD, Lascelles BD. Early Neonatal Pain-A Review of Clinical and Experimental Implications on Painful Conditions Later in Life. Front Pediatr. 2020;8:30. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00030
Supplementary files
