Hormonal profile changes under the influence of environmental factors in children residing in the Aral environmental disaster region

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Since the mid 20th century, the Southern Aral Sea Region is notorious as a region of ecological disaster, where anthropogenic influence led to the desiccation of the Aral Sea. Aridization of these territories is the cause of accumulation of endocrine disrupting chemicals — pesticides and toxic metals in soil and water.

AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the changes in hormonal profile under the influence of environmental factors in prepubertal children living at different distances from the epicenter of the Aral ecological disaster.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 58 male children aged 11–13 years. All children from birth lived in two regions of the Aral Sea Region and were divided into two groups depending on their place of residence. The group “North” (unfavorable conditions) consisted of 27 children from Muynak, Kungrad, Karauzyak, Takhtakupyr districts. The “Nukus” group (relatively favorable conditions) included 31 volunteers from Nukus city. All children were determined the concentration of IGF-1 — Insulin-like growth factor 1, GH — growth gormone, TT — total testosterone, E2 — estradiol, FSH — follicle-stimulating hormone, LH — luteinizing hormone, TSH — thyroid-stimulating hormone, TT3 — total triiodothyronine in blood sample. The statistical significance of the differences of the mentioned hormones in children from the “North” and “Nukus” groups was checked using the Mann–Whitney test.

RESULTS: This analysis revealed statistically significantly higher values of TT, FSH and LH in children from the “Nukus” group compared to their peers from the “North” group. The concentrations of IGF-1, GH, E2, TTG and T3 in blood plasma in volunteers from both groups were not statistically significantly different.

CONCLUSIONS: The environment of the Aral ecological disaster region with increased content of organochlorine compounds, pesticides and heavy metals changes the endocrine status in local prepubertal children. This is expressed in a moderate decrease in the activity of androgens (but not estrogens) and gonadotropic hormones. This research work can be considered as a pilot study, which determines the need for further monitoring of endocrine disorders in children and adults living in negative environmental conditions.

About the authors

Valerii O. Erkudov

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: verkudov@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7351-0405
SPIN-code: 5155-2173

MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Human Physiology

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Kenzhabek Umar ugli Rozumbetov

Karakalpak Berdakh State University

Email: rozumbetov96@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5967-4219
SPIN-code: 9333-7494

Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry of Animals

Uzbekistan, Nukus

Azat T. Matchanov

Karakalpak Berdakh State University

Email: Matchanovazat@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6066-1327
SPIN-code: 8253-2317

PhD, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Head of Department of General Biology and Physiology

Uzbekistan, Nukus

Andrey P. Pugovkin

Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University LETI

Email: apugovkin@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8415-2885
SPIN-code: 2065-4505

PhD, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher, Professor of the Department of Biotechnical Systems

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Symbat N. Nisanova

Karakalpak Berdakh State University

Email: symbat.nysanova90@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-7909-5207

Postgraduate Student, Department of General Biology and Physiology

Uzbekistan, Nukus

Madina A. Kalmuratova

Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute

Email: kalmuratova.m@yandex.by
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-4149-5329

1st year student

Uzbekistan, Tashkent

Andrey V. Kochubeev

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Email: andrej.ko4@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-0543-5240
SPIN-code: 5927-8318

MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Human Physiology

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Sergey S. Rogozin

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Email: box.rogozin@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9263-0111
SPIN-code: 2187-2806

Assistant Professor, Department of Human Physiology

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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2. Fig. 1. The Aralkum desert formed at the bottom of the former Aral Sea near the city of Muynak, Uzbekistan. Photo from authors’ personal archive

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3. Fig. 2. The map of geographical distribution of settlements – places of residence of the subjects from the group “North” (shaded area) and “Nukus” (solid shading area)

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4. Fig. 3. Hormonal profile in children from both experimental groups. *p < 0.05). IGF-1 — Insulin-like growth factor 1; GH — growth gormone; TT — total testosterone; E2 — estradiol; FSH — follicle-stimulating hormone; LH — luteinizing hormone; TSH — thyroid-stimulating hormone; TT3 — total triiodothyronine

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