Хирургическое лечение пациентов с детским церебральным параличом со сгибательной контрактурой коленного сустава. Обзор литературы
- Авторы: Мустафаева А.Р.1, Новиков В.А.1, Умнов В.В.1, Виссарионов С.В.1
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Учреждения:
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской травматологии и ортопедии имени Г.И. Турнера
- Выпуск: Том 13, № 2 (2025)
- Страницы: 202-214
- Раздел: Научные обзоры
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/turner/article/view/312543
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/PTORS678129
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ACUWZJ
- ID: 312543
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Аннотация
Сгибательная контрактура коленного сустава занимает ведущее место среди всех деформаций нижних конечностей у пациентов с детским церебральным параличом с частотой встречаемости в 47–53% наблюдений. Длительно существующее патологическое состояние приводит к значительным функциональным нарушениям: увеличению энергозатрат при ходьбе, снижению двигательной активности ребенка и развитию вторичных ортопедических осложнений, что существенно ухудшает качество жизни пациентов. В статье проанализированы опубликованные литературные данные о современных хирургических методах коррекции сгибательной контрактуры коленного сустава у пациентов с детским церебральным параличом, а также дана оценка клинической эффективности этих методов, выявлена частота осложнений и определения факторов, влияющих на выбор оптимальной лечебной тактики. Проведен анализ публикаций из баз данных PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Crossref и eLibrary. Поиск проводили без ограничений по языку, охватывая период с 1952 по 2024 г. В итоговый обзор вошли 74 источника, включая оригинальные статьи и систематические обзоры, посвященные хирургическому лечению сгибательной контрактуры коленного сустава у пациентов с детским церебральным параличом. Основными методами коррекции сгибательной контрактуры коленного сустава у детей с церебральным параличом признаны удлинение сгибателей голени и корригирующая разгибательная надмыщелковая остеотомия бедренной кости. Удлинение сгибателей считают основной операцией, наиболее оптимальной для пациентов всех возрастных групп. Одновременно с этим необходимо подчеркнуть, что остеотомия бедренной кости демонстрирует высокую клиническую эффективность у пациентов старшего возраста, особенно при выраженных деформациях дистального отдела бедра. Оба подхода демонстрируют положительные результаты, однако могут сопровождаться рядом осложнений. В обзоре литературы также рассмотрены и альтернативные методы, включая пересадку сухожилий, временный гемиэпифизиодез и комбинированные методики. Проведенный обзор литературы подтверждает, что хирургическое лечение сгибательной контрактуры коленного сустава у пациентов с детским церебральным параличом — это эффективный метод, однако выбор конкретного оперативного вмешательства должен основываться на индивидуальных анатомо-клинических характеристиках, выраженности контрактуры и возрастных особенностях пациента.
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Алина Романовна Мустафаева
Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской травматологии и ортопедии имени Г.И. Турнера
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: alina.mys23@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-4108-7317
SPIN-код: 1099-7340
MD
Россия, 196603, Санкт-Петербург, г. Пушкин, ул. Парковая, д. 64–68Владимир Александрович Новиков
Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской травматологии и ортопедии имени Г.И. Турнера
Email: novikov.turner@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3754-4090
SPIN-код: 2773-1027
канд. мед. наук
Россия, Санкт-ПетербургВалерий Владимирович Умнов
Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской травматологии и ортопедии имени Г.И. Турнера
Email: umnovvv@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5721-8575
SPIN-код: 6824-5853
д-р мед. наук
Россия, Санкт-ПетербургСергей Валентинович Виссарионов
Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской травматологии и ортопедии имени Г.И. Турнера
Email: vissarionovs@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4235-5048
SPIN-код: 7125-4930
д-р мед. наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН
Россия, Санкт-ПетербургСписок литературы
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