Vol 52, No 12 (2016)

The theorem that claims that the spectra (ranges) of upper and lower Sergeev frequencies of zeros, signs, and roots of a linear differential equation of order > 2 with continuous coefficients belong to the class of Suslin sets on the nonnegative half-line of the extended numerical line is inverted for the spectra of upper frequencies of third-order equations under the assumption that the spectra contain zero. In addition, we construct examples of third-order equations with continuous coefficients whose Lebesgue sets of the upper Sergeev frequency of signs belong to the exact first Borel class, and the Lebesgue sets of upper Sergeev frequencies of zeros and roots belong to the exact second Borel class.

We study polynomials as localizing functions in localization problems. To obtain a nontrivial localizing set, we use the property of sign definiteness of a polynomial. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the sign definiteness of polynomials as well as conditions under which the level surfaces of a polynomial are compact.

For an n-dimensional singularly perturbed system of differential equations, we construct the asymptotics of a solution with a step-like contrast structure in the critical case. We prove the existence of a solution and obtain an estimate for the remainder terms of the asymptotic representation of this solution.

We perform an analytic and numerical study of a system of partial differential equations that describes the propagation of nerve impulses in the heart muscle. We show that, for fixed parameter values, the system has infinitely many distinct stable wave solutions running along the spatial axis at arbitrary velocities and infinitely many distinct modes of space-time chaos, where the bifurcation parameter is the velocity of running wave propagation along the spatial axis, which does not explicitly occur in the original system of equations. We suggest an algorithm for controlling the space-time chaos in the system, which permits one to stabilize any of its unstable periodic running waves.

We solve a boundary value problem for a first-order partial differential equation in a rectangular domain with a fractional discretely distributed differentiation operator. The fractional differentiation is given by Dzhrbashyan–Nersesyan operators. We construct a representation of the solution and prove existence and uniqueness theorems. The results remain valid for the corresponding equations with Riemann–Liouville and Caputo derivatives. In terms of parameters defining the fractional differential operator, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the problem.

For time-independent hybrid differential-difference linear systems, we study the complete controllability problem, that is, the problem of complete quieting of such systems. We derive necessary and sufficient parametric conditions for strict complete controllability in various classes of admissible controls. In the case of simplest basic classes, we prove necessary and sufficient parametric conditions for the weak complete controllability and suggest a method for constructing the desired controls quieting the system by using methods of the theory of entire functions of finite degree. We discuss problems of estimating the duration of the transient process. As an example, we consider the strict complete controllability problem in various classes of functions for the case of a system of scalar differential-difference equations.

We study the exceptional case of the characteristic singular integral equation with Cauchy kernel in which its coefficients admit zeros or singularities of complex orders at finitely many points of the contour. By reduction to a linear conjugation problem, we obtain an explicit solution formula and solvability conditions for this equation in weighted Hölder classes.