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Том 53, № 6 (2017)

Reviews

Evolution of the macroglobulin protein family: from bacteria to primates

Zorin N., Zorina V.

Аннотация

Proteins of the macroglobulin family are thioether-containing glycoproteins that act as inhibitors of a wide range of hydrolases, transporters and regulators of cytokine, hormone, lipid and oligonucleotide synthesis. As ancient components of innate immunity, these proteins are involved in folding of endogenous proteins as well as recognition and presentation of exogenous antigens. Interaction of macroglobulins with transmembrane receptors triggers cascades of reactions that regulate energy metabolism, cell division and apoptosis, participate in reproduction and cancerogenesis. A broad spectrum of conformational and functional states of molecules, depending on the type of ligands, and an appropriate set of implemented functions allow us to consider these proteins as key regulators of proteostasis. This review addresses the structure and function of macroglobulin proteins during evolution of organisms staying at different phylogenetic levels.

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2017;53(6):439-449
pages 439-449 views

Fibronectins: Structural-functional relationships

Ivanova V.

Аннотация

This review summarized current data on the structure of fibronectin (FN), a multifunctional glycoprotein of vertebrates. FN is not only a permanent component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) but also an important regulator of cell functions via transformation of the ECM composition and organization and/or interaction with receptor and other membranebound cell proteins. Multifunctionality of FN owes hierarchical relationships between its structuralfunctional determinants, which comprise the linear ones (FN peptide fragments), association zones (surface contacts between the FN molecule and a FN-associated protein) and functional domains (those binding fibrin, heparin, gelatin and integrins). The modular architectonic principle of FN organization is pivotal to intrinsic adaptation of this glycoprotein to changing microenvironmental conditions. We also discuss the issue of key stages of FN fibrillogenesis with a special focus on the molecular mechanisms that underlie polymerization of FN molecules.

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2017;53(6):450-464
pages 450-464 views

Comparative and Ontogenic Biochemistry

Role of the brain in adaptation of the common and golden carps to adverse factors of chemical origin

Akhundov A., Mustafaev N., Mekhtiev A.

Аннотация

Using an indirect solid-phase immunoassay (ELISA test), cytochrome P-450, serotoninmodulated anticonsolidation protein (SMAP) and 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) levels were analyzed in the brain and liver of the common carp Cyprinus carpio L. and golden carp Carassius auratus caught in reservoirs of the Arpachay river (clean zone) and Araks river (polluted zone) in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. Upregulation of cytochrome P-450 (p < 0.05) and SMAP (p < 0.01) in the common carp brain and downregulation of cytochrome P-450 (p < 0.05) and HSP70 (p < 0.05) in the golden carp liver were detected in fish caught in the Araks river reservoir as compared to levels of the same substances in fish from the Arpachay river reservoir. It is concluded that the brain plays a regulatory role in adaptation of animals to adverse environmental conditions and in protection of tissues from negative effects of pollutants.

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2017;53(6):465-469
pages 465-469 views

Comparative and Ontogenic Physiology

Evolutionary radiation of cytotoxic effects in bivalve and gastropod haemolymph

Klimovich A., Gorbushin A.

Аннотация

A comparative immunological survey of cytotoxic properties of whole and cell-free haemolymph (plasma) was performed on four species of marine molluscs. Diverse target cells were used: auto- and heterologous mollusc haemocytes, starfish Asterias rubens coelomocytes, trematode Himasthla elongata rediae, and human erythrocytes. While all the four mollusc species were found to contain cytotoxic factors in their plasma, functional features of these molecules in bivalve and gastropod species are essentially different. Cell-free haemolymph of two clams, Mya arenaria and Mytilus edulis, contains pre-synthetized cytolytic complexes capable of immediate and generalized activation, leading to destruction of a broad range of target cells. On the contrary, two gastropod species, Buccinum undatum and Littorina littorea, possess haemolytic factors which display high specificity of recognition of receptor molecules on the target cells and slow cytolytic reaction. Overall, molecular strategies of cytolytic cascade activation in Bivalvia and Gastropoda can be described as low- and highly selective, respectively.

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2017;53(6):470-479
pages 470-479 views

Involvement of the mechanosensory complex structures of the cricket Phaeophilacris bredoides in triggering of motor responses to sound

Lunichkin A., Knyazev A.

Аннотация

Using an ethological approach, we studied the possibility of sound perception as well as probable contribution of diverse mechanosensory systems composing the mechanosensory complex to triggering of motor responses to sound stimulation in imaginal crickets Phaeophilacris bredoides lacking the tympanal organs (“deaf”). It was shown that Ph. bredoides imagoes are able to perceive sounds and respond to sound cues by a locomotor reaction in a relatively broad frequency range which becomes narrower as sound intensity decreases [0.1–6.0 kHz (111 ± 3 dB SPL), 0.1–1.5 kHz (101 ± 3 dB SPL), 0.1–1.3 kHz (91 ± 3 dB SPL), 0.1–0.6 kHz (81 ± 3 dB SPL), and 0.1 kHz (71 ± 3 dB SPL)]. Sound perception and triggering ofmotor responses appear to involve the cercal organs (CO), subgenual organs (SO) and, probably, other distant mechanosensory organs (DMO). CO are essential for triggering of locomotor responses to sound within the ranges of 1.6–6.0 kHz (111 ± 3 dB SPL), 1–1.5 kHz (101 ± 3 dB SPL), 0.9–1.3 kHz (91 ± 3 dB SPL), and 0.5–0.6 kHz (81 ± 3 dB SPL). SO and, probably, other DMO provide locomotor responses to sound within the ranges of 0.1–6.0 kHz (111 ± 3 dB SPL), 0.1–0.8 kHz (101 ± 3 dB SPL), 0.1–0.4 kHz (91 ± 3 dB SPL), and 0.1–0.4 kHz (81 ± 3 dB SPL). From this, it follows that “deaf” (nonsinging) Ph. bredoides can perceive sounds using CO, SO and, probably, other DMO, which (as in singing crickets) are likely to compose an integrated mechanosensory complex providing adequate acoustic behavior of this cricket species. Performance efficiency and sensitivity of the mechanosensory complex (specifically, of CO) rely on the thoroughness of grooming. Following self-cleaning of CO, the level of cricket motor activity in response to cue presentation returned to the baseline and sometimes even increased. Whether or not crickets of this species communicate acoustically is yet to be found out, however, we suggest that the mechanosensory complex, which triggers motor responses to a sound, is normally involved in the defensive escape response aimed at rescuing from predators.

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2017;53(6):480-492
pages 480-492 views

Neuromodulatory effects of hydrogen peroxide on central neurons in the feeding network of the mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis

Sidorov A.

Аннотация

Hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 100 μM was found to exert a pronounced modulatory effect on motor (R/L cells in B1–B4 clusters) and modulatory (R/L cerebral giant cells) neurons in the feeding neural network of the mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis as manifested in changes in the firing rate, membrane potential level and spike amplitude in these cells. The observed effects were reversible, transient, and reached their peak values in 1 min since application of the preparation. Injection of hydrogen peroxide into the cavity of the cephalopedal sinus resulted in no statistically significant changes in the parameters of mollusc feeding behavior. Hydrogen peroxide is assumed to act as a rapid neuromodulator towards neurons of the central feeding rhythm generator in Lymnaea stagnalis.

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2017;53(6):493-500
pages 493-500 views

Histone H3 methylation at lysine 4 is involved in long-term memory formation in the honeybee Apis mellifera L.

Shvetsov A., Lopatina N., Vaido A.

Аннотация

This immunohistochemical study addresses the histone H3 lysine 4 monomethylation status in the honeybee brain at different times after an associative learning trial. It is shown that, following olfactory conditioning, the H3K4me1 methylation level in neurons of the mushroom bodies was significantly higher in the experimental group than in control bees 1, 6, and 24 h after learning.

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2017;53(6):501-504
pages 501-504 views

Morphological Basics for Evolution of Functions

Distribution of GAD67-expressing neurons and morphological changes in hippocampal structures during pubertal period after acute perinatal hypoxia in rats

Khozhai L., Otellin V.

Аннотация

We investigated structural changes in the Wistar rat hippocampal CA1 field and fascia dentate during the pubertal period (on P60) after perinatal hypoxic exposure as well as the distribution of GAD67-expressing neurons in these structures. It was established that in the granular layer of the fascia dentata and in the CA1 field acute perinatal hypoxia leads to irreversible homotypic abnormalities as expressed in the reduced number of neurons and their rows as well as injury of a considerable portion of cells, which exhibit the signs of chromatolysis and vacuolization of the cytoplasm. Both in experimental and control animals, GAD67-expressing neurons in the fascia dentata are scattered diffusely and share approximately the same size of their populations. In the CA1 field, immunoreactive neurons lie in the lower rows of the pyramidal layer, while neurons in the upper layers exhibit no immunolabeling and have less synaptic structures in experimental animals than in control. We suggest that neurons in the hippocampal structures are involved in the regulation of functions and formation of prenatal pathology.

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2017;53(6):505-510
pages 505-510 views

Short Communications

A comparative electron microscopic study of seminal plasma in oligozoospermic and normozoospermic men

Gryaznov A., Shpakov A., Béré E., Bourmeyster N., Efimova M.
Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2017;53(6):511-514
pages 511-514 views

Action potential heterogeneity as revealed by extracellular microelectrode recording from the surface of the isolated rat heart

Kubasov I., Stepanov A., Györke S.
Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2017;53(6):515-518
pages 515-518 views

Total testosterone and estradiol in the gonads and gametes of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam.

Nikonova L., Nekhoroshev M., Ryabushko V.
Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2017;53(6):519-522
pages 519-522 views

Time course of glycine receptor GlyRα3 expression in the Bötzinger complex during early postnatal ontogenesis in rats

Khozhai L.
Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2017;53(6):523-525
pages 523-525 views

A method of recording evoked auditory potentials from the frog ear labyrinth

Shchekanov E.
Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2017;53(6):526-529
pages 526-529 views