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Том 54, № 5 (2018)

Comparative and Ontogenic Biochemistry

Monoamine Oxidase Activity in the Hepatopancreas of the Kamchatka Crab Paralithodes camtschaticus: a Substrate–Inhibitor Specificity

Basova N., Basova I., Yagodina O.

Аннотация

A study of substrate–inhibitor specificity of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the hepatopancreas of the adult Kamchatka crab Paralithodes camtschaticus revealed specific catalytic properties of the enzyme. On the one hand, crab hepatopancreas MAO, like its classical hepatic counterpart, can deaminate tyramine, tryptamine, dopamine, serotonin, noradrenalin, benzylamine, β-phenylethylamine and N-methylhistamine but shows no sensitivity to 10 mM semicarbazide. On the other hand, MAO deaminates histamine but not putrescine, two classical diamine oxidase (DAO) substrates. It was established that MAO activity was several times higher toward benzylamine, β-phenylethylamine and N-methylhistamine than toward serotonin and noradrenalin. MAO was also found to be almost 500 times more sensitive to its selective inhibitor deprenyl than to chlorogilyn. A substrate–inhibitory analysis with the use of deprenyl and chloroginyl provides an indirect evidence for the existence of a sole MAO molecular form in the Kamchatka crab hepatopancreas.

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2018;54(5):345-352
pages 345-352 views

Intensity of Lipid Peroxidation in the Crystalline Lens of the Rabbit Chinchilla brevicaudata Exposed to Hypoxia and Radiation in the Prenatal Period

Ibragimova Z., Gadjiev A.

Аннотация

We address the redox homeostasis in the crystalline lens of the rabbit pups (aged 20 and 30 days) exposed to a combined effect of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and hypoxia during their prenatal development. The intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the lens was in the focus of this study, being evaluated by a level of malondialdehyde (MDA), a final LPO product. It was established that prenatal exposure to 460-MHz non-ionizing EMR combined with hypoxia intensifies LPO. The obtained results allow some conclusions to be drawn about the mechanisms of antioxidant defense in relevant biological tissues. The necessity of further studies to prove the revealed tendencies is substantiated.

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2018;54(5):353-355
pages 353-355 views

Ethnic Peculiarities of the Lipid Profile in Adolescent Representatives of Some Indigenous Ethnic Groups of Siberia

Kolesnikova L., Darenskaya M., Rychkova L., Grebenkina L., Dolgikh M., Gavrilova O.

Аннотация

The indicators of lipid metabolism were analyzed comparatively in 258 adolescent girls and boys representing major ethnic groups of Eastern Siberia: indigenous Tofalars, Evenks and Buryats and alien Europoids (Caucasoids). The adolescent lipid profile in these groups was found to be ethnos-specific. In contemporary Tofalars and Buryats, its indicators are stable, while the overall lipid profile shows an anti-atherogenic trend. By contrast, Evenks and Europoids show an increasing level of cholesterol-containing blood components.

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2018;54(5):356-362
pages 356-362 views

Comparative and Ontogenic Physiology

Activation of Multimodal Areas in the Human Cerebral Cortex in Response to Biological Motion Sounds

Andreeva I., Orlov V., Ushakov V.

Аннотация

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate activation of the multimodal areas in the cerebral cortex–supramarginal and angular gyri, precuneus, and middle temporal visual cortex (MT/V5)–in response to motion of biologically significant sounds (human footsteps). The subjects listened to approaching or receding footstep sounds during 45 s, and such stimulation was supposed to evoke auditory adaptation to biological motion. Listening conditions alternated with stimulation-free control. To reveal activity in the regions of interest, the periods before and during stimulation were compared. Most stable and voluminous activation was detected in the supramarginal and angular gyri, being registered for all footstep sound types–approaching, receding and steps in place. Listening to human approaching steps activated the precuneus area, with the volume of activation clusters varying considerably between subjects. In the MT/V5 area, activation was revealed in 5 of 21 subjects. The involvement of the tested multimodal cortical areas in analyzing biological motion is discussed.

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2018;54(5):363-373
pages 363-373 views

Comparative Characterization of Rat Strains (Wistar, Wistar–Kyoto, Sprague Dawley, Long Evans, LT, SHR, BD-IX) by Their Behavior, Hormonal Level and Antioxidant Status

Rybnikova E., Vetrovoi O., Zenko M.

Аннотация

The rat strains Wistar, Wistar–Kyoto, Sprague Dawley, Long Evans, LT (low CNS excitability threshold), SHR, BD-IX (“Biocollection of the Pavlov Institute of Physiology”) were comparatively screened for the indicators of hormonal and antioxidant status as well as behavior. In male rats, the following characteristics were evaluated: behavioral (locomotor activity, anxiety level, depressive-like behavior in the Prosolt forced swim test), hormonal (corticosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone–DHEA, thyroid-stimulating hormone–TSH, thyroxine and testosterone levels) and blood antioxidative activity. Considering our data on physiological phenotyping the above rat strains, physiological maps were created for each strain and a specific descriptive biocollection format was elaborated to represent relevant information as a publicly available online resource (http://hst5.infran.ru/biocollection/) which can be helpful in choosing an experimental object and instrumental in analyzing data obtained on certain rat strains.

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2018;54(5):374-382
pages 374-382 views

The Impact of Temperature Stress on DNA and RNA Synthesis in Potentially Toxic Dinoflagellates Prorocentrum minimum

Knyazev N., Pechkovskaya S., Skarlato S., Telesh I., Filatova N.

Аннотация

Biomarkers of temperature stress were studied as major characteristics crucial for the understanding complex processes that underlie the response of marine planktonic microorganisms to environmental factors and their sublethal effects. Using the potentially toxic dinoflagellates Prorocentrum minimum as a model object, the impact of temperature stress on viability, cell cycle, RNA synthesis and DNA replication in these protists was evaluated. It was shown by flow cytometry that stress evoked by a temperature increase from 25°C (control) to 37 or 42°C during 15 to 60 min did not cause any considerable alterations in the cell cycle, while cell death rate increased from ≤ 1% (control) to 2–12% at 37°C and 4–22% at 42°C. Along with a relatively low cell death rate, following a temperature increase to 37 and/or 42°C, P. minimum displayed the ability to boost the synthesis of DNA (1.7–1.9 and 1.2–1.6 times, respectively) and especially RNA (2.5–3.1 and 1.7–2.8 times, respectively) during the first 15–30 min after stress. At certain stages of the life cycle, this effect can be critical for maintaining the viability and normal development of the P. minimum population. The obtained results demonstrate that a significantly elevated synthesis of nucleic acids can serve as an indicator (biomarker) of sublethal environmental stress.

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2018;54(5):383-389
pages 383-389 views

Effects of Hypoxia, Hyperbaria and Hyposmosis on Ecto- ATPase Activity in Scorpionfish (Scorpaena porcus L.) Erythrocytes

Silkin Y., Silkina E., Stolbov A., Silkin M.

Аннотация

Effects of hypoxic, hyperbaric and hyposmotic exposures on activity of erythrocyte membrane-bound ecto-ATPase were studied in the scorpionfish Scorpaena porcus L. One-hour autogenic hypoxia evoked a drop while longer hypoxia (12, 24 h)–a rise in the enzyme activity. Hyperbaric exposure, irrespective of its duration, evoked the same stimulation of ecto-ATPase activity in vivo. In vitro, instead, hydrostatic pressure caused a significant drop in the enzyme activity. Hyposmosis stimulated ecto-ATPase activity when the medium was diluted to 50% of its basal level, however, a stronger dilution (70%) led to its inhibition. Under hypoxia, changes in ecto-ATPase activity of scorpionfish erythrocytes are, most likely, due to a shift in the hormonal background and the plasma acid–base equilibrium. The reasons behind the activation of erythrocyte ecto-ATPase in response to hyperbaric pressure are obscure. Under in vitro conditions, the direct effect of hyperbaria and hyposmosis on scorpionfish erythrocytes may be due to alterations in characteristics of plasma membrane microviscosity and in the ecto-ATPase conformational state as manifested in fluctuations of enzyme activity during experiments.

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2018;54(5):390-399
pages 390-399 views

Role of Potassium Channels in the Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide on Contractility of Gastric Smooth Muscle Cells in Rats

Shaidullov I., Shafigullin M., Gabitova L., Sitdikov F., Zefirov A., Sitdikova G.

Аннотация

The effect of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor, on spontaneous contractile activity of rat gastric smooth muscle cells was analyzed. Experiments were conducted on gastric stripes under conditions of isometric contraction. It was shown that NaHS has a biphasic effect on spontaneous contractile activity, increasing tonic tension and the amplitude of phasic contractions within the first minutes since application. This initial phase is followed by a decrease in amplitude, basal tone, and frequency of spontaneous contractions. The inhibitory effect of NaHS was dose-dependent at concentrations from 10 to 600 μM. Preliminary application of tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopirydine, inhibitors of voltage-gated and calciumactivated potassium channels, prevented a NaHS-induced initial increase in basal tone and phasic contraction amplitude. Activation of ATP-dependent potassium channels (KATP-channels) by diazoxide prevented in part a NaHS-induced decrease in basal tone and amplitude of spontaneous contractions. Glibenclamide, an inhibitor of KATP-channels, decreased the inhibitory effect of NaHS on amplitude, basal tone and frequency of spontaneous contractions. It was concluded that in rat gastric smooth muscles the excitatory effect of H2S is mediated by the inhibition of voltagegated and calcium-activated potassium channels, while its inhibitory effect involves the activation of KATP-channels.

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2018;54(5):400-407
pages 400-407 views

Short Communications

Northern Populations of the European Corn Borer Moth Ostrinia nubilalis: Electroantennogram Responses to Pheromone Blends of Races and Interracial Hybrids

Zhukovskaya M., Selitskaya O., Shchennikova A., Berim M., Grushevaya I., Trepashko L., Frolov A.
Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2018;54(5):408-412
pages 408-412 views

Duration of Human Electrocardiogram Components during Postnatal Ontogenesis

Irzhak L., Popov I., Onikul E., Russkikh N., Dudnikova E., Gerasimenko M.
Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2018;54(5):413-416
pages 413-416 views

The Effect of Intense Physical Exercise on Contractile Responses of Rat Fast- and Slow-Twitch Skeletal Muscles

Kubasov I., Matrosova E., Novozhilov A., Tavrovskaya T., Korf E., Arutunyan R., Goncharov N.
Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2018;54(5):417-421
pages 417-421 views

The Influence of Social Rank and Climatic Conditions on Biochemical Blood Serum Parameters in Male Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

Chalyan V., Chuguev Y., Meishvili N.
Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2018;54(5):422-424
pages 422-424 views

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