Refrigerant selection and refrigeration layout

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Abstract

In the article are compared the characteristics of natural refrigerants: air, water, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide and ammonia that are used in refrigeration technique. The assessment of energy efficiency of different circuits of refrigeration installation with CO2 in the lower and NH3 in the upper branch and of a two-stage ammonia installation is presented. Ammonia installations with boiling CO2 as a pseudo coolant are also considered. For the version of installations with two evaporating temperatures a comparison of the cascade (CO/ NH3) circuit with a cascade-compound circuit proposed by the authors is given.

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About the authors

E. A. Rotholtz

CJSC OK

Author for correspondence.
Email: info@eco-vector.com

Cand. tech. science

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

V. V. Onosovsky

CJSC OK

Email: info@eco-vector.com

Dr. tech. sciences, prof.

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

V. S. Kalyunov

CJSC OK

Email: info@eco-vector.com

Dr. tech. sciences

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

I. K. Akchurin

CJSC OK

Email: info@eco-vector.com
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

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2. Rice. 1. Schematic diagram of a cascade refrigeration unit operating on CO2 / NH3 - compressor; KD - condenser of the upper (ammonia) branch: RV - control valve (throttle device); TA - technological apparatus (lower branch evaporator for CO2); KD-I - interstage condenser-evaporator

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3. Rice. 2. COP of cascade and two-stage refrigeration units

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4. Rice. 3. Schematic diagram of an ammonia refrigeration unit using boiling CO2 as a pseudo-coolant: KM - compressor; KD - capacitor; RV control valve (throttle device); TA - technological apparatus (boiling SOD KD-I - condenser-evaporator (condensation of CO, with boiling NH); NC - circulation pump of liquid CO,

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5. Rice. Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of a cascade-compound refrigeration plant providing cooling at several temperature levels: KM compressors; K D - capacitor; РВ - control valves (throttle device); TA-1 and TA-2 - technological devices at two temperature levels; RKTs-1 - circulating receiver of the CO2 branch; RKTs-2 - compound receiver; KD-Zh - ammonia evaporator - CO2 condenser; NTs-1 - pump for supplying liquid CO2 to technological apparatuses TA-1; NTs-2 - pump for supplying liquid CO2 to technological devices TL-2

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Copyright (c) 2022 Rotholtz E.A., Onosovsky V.V., Kalyunov V.S., Akchurin I.K.

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