Exposure of human body tissues to development of cryogenic technologies

Various types of physical exposures, including laser, electromagnetic, and cryogenic exposures, are used on living tissues and human organs to suppress pathology or effect destruction. The use of physical exposures is usually empirical. Nevertheless, experience confirms the promise of their use and indicates the need to study the characteristics of living tissues and the development of complex technologies for the application of physical effects. This paper describes the experience derived from their practical applications. They have many advantages over traditional treatment methods, including painlessness, an absence of bleeding and a generally noticeable reaction of the body, and a high functional effect. Local cryoablation using handheld portable cryosurgical devices and liquid nitrogen as a refrigerant (−196 °C) is a practically applicable method for treating simple hemangiomas and allows for obtaining good functional and cosmetic results. All types of simple small hemangiomas of any localization are subject to treatment, regardless of the age of the child. The proposed method allows for completely or partially refusing complex surgical interventions, particularly when placing small hemangiomas on the face, neck, and ear areas, and obtains good results (98%). Preliminary microwave irradiation and the use of a laser allow a 4- to 6-fold increase in the possibilities of cryotherapy along the depth of the hemangioma compared to simple cryoablation. This method retains all the useful features of cryoablation. It is promising for treating cavernous and combined hemangiomas, which have a pronounced subcutaneous part and often complex localization. This approach is potentially useful in other cryogenic applications.