Dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13С(DIC), [DIC]) in the waters of western part of Bering Sea

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For the first time, the isotopic composition and concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon in the waters of the western part of the Bering Sea (at the Koryak shelf and Chukotka continental slope, and Commander Islands, depth interval 10–4100 m) have been analyzed. [DIC] values vary from 1900 μmol/kg in the summer waters of the Koryak shelf to 2510 μmol/kg in the deep waters of the Commander Islands area. The value of δ13С(DIC) in productive summer waters exceeds +1‰, and reach +3.08‰ in the Koryak shelf surface waters. The depth of the carbon isotope minimum (–0.7‰) is ≈500 m. The model calculations were made taking into account physical processes (isotopic exchange with atmospheric CO2 and conservative mixing). The calculations show that in the main water column δ13С(DIC) and [DIC] values are controlled by the oxidation of organic substances. The predominance of primary production occurs only in the surface (<20 m) waters of the Bering Sea. Concentrations of DIC increase to depths of ≈1000 m and remain approximately constant (2430 ± 30 μmol/kg), exceeding [DIC] levels in deep Pacific waters. A “physical carbon pump” model in which the main role in the accumulation and redistribution of DIC within the water column is assigned to the winter waters of the Bering Sea is proposed.

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Е. Dubinina

Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry RAS (IGEM RAS)

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: elenadelta@gmail.com
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

S. Kossova

Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry RAS (IGEM RAS)

Email: elenadelta@gmail.com
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Yu. Chizhova

Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry RAS (IGEM RAS)

Email: elenadelta@gmail.com
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

A. Avdeenko

Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry RAS (IGEM RAS)

Email: elenadelta@gmail.com
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Location of stations where water samples were collected from the western Bering Sea during cruise 82 of the R/V Akademik Lavrentyev (June–July 2018). Areas: 1 – POL, 2 – KOM. Currents – according to [13, 20, 24, 32, 48].

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3. Fig. 2. TS diagrams in which the color scale corresponds to the values ​​of δ13С(DIC) (a) and [DIC] (b). Water designations: BsSW – subsurface; DtW – dichotermal; MtW – mesothermal; BSSWt, b – intermediate upper and lower, BSDW – deep waters of the Bering Sea [2].

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4. Fig. 3. Distribution of carbon isotope composition (a) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration (b) with depth in the waters of the western Bering Sea (summer surface waters are not shown). Dashed lines represent zero δ13С(DIC) value and average DIC concentration in ocean waters [7]. Filled fields represent the corresponding data for the Pacific Ocean transect along the 150° E meridian in the 13–40° N interval (2019 sampling [19]).

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5. Fig. 4. Position of the carbon isotope minimum in the area of ​​the Koryak shelf and the Chukchi slope (a) and in the area of ​​the Commander Islands (b).

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6. Fig. 5. Depth of the δ13С(DIC) minimum in the Commander Islands region depending on geographic latitude.

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7. Fig. 6. Distribution of concentration (a) and isotopic composition of carbon (b) DIC depending on salinity. Water designations – see text and Table 1.

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8. Fig. 7. Deviation of δ13C values ​​(a) and DIC concentration (b) from equilibrium with CO2 of the modern atmosphere in subsurface (1) and dichotermal (2) waters of the Bering Sea.

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9. Fig. 8. δ13С(DIC) and [DIC] values ​​in intermediate and deep waters of the Bering Sea: 1 – observed, 2 – calculated using the BSDW and DtW conservative mixing model (see text).

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10. Fig. 9. Calculated deviation from physical models for the entire depth range of the studied waters: 1 – deviation from compositions determined by equilibrium with CO2 of the modern atmosphere, 2 – deviation from the conservative mixing model. Water designations – see Table 1.

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11. Fig. 10. Deviation from physical models of carbon isotope composition and DIC concentration for waters of different types: I – subsurface waters (BsSW), II – deep waters BSDW, III, IV – intermediate and deep waters (MtW, BSSWt, BSSWb), V – dichotermal waters (DtW). Solid bold lines – calculation of OM oxidation trends with δ13C values ​​of organic matter of –20 and –24‰ (the extreme values ​​of the interval are taken according to [31, 40, 45, 50].

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12. Fig. 11. Schematic diagram of the vertical transport of dissolved inorganic carbon (“physical pump”) through the dichotermal water layer (DtW) and its subsequent distribution in the water column of the western Bering Sea in summer and winter.

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