编号 10 (2024)
Economy
Brazil’s new economic policy
摘要
The article presents a critical analysis of the main economic programs adopted in Brazil in the first year and a half of Lula da Silva's rule (2023 – the first half of 2024), and which will determine the country's development strategy for the next decade. Particular attention is paid to diagnosing the current state of industry and infrastructure in Brazil, analyzing the causes of deindustrialization, assessing the opportunities and risks of strengthening the role of the state in the modernization of industry and the implementation of large-scale infrastructure projects. The success of new development programs and their geopolitical impact will depend on the effectiveness of public resource management, improved planning and implementation of projects, and increased interaction and control at the federal and sub-regional levels.
Latinskaya Amerika. 2024;(10):6-20
6-20
Politica, problemas sociales
Brazil: new guidance for cultural policy
摘要
The article is devoted to the new guidelines for the cultural policy of Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and his government for the period since the 2023 elections. The main tasks set in this area immediately after coming to power are outlined, the algorithms and deadlines for their implementation are specified. The primary role of the recreated Ministry of Culture in achieving its goals is highlighted. Particular attention is paid to the formation of a legislative framework on the basis of which a new cultural policy will be carried out in line with the democratic model of state power. An assessment of the results achieved during the first hundred days of the reign is given. A chronology of the most significant events in the field of cultural policy in the current year, 2024, is presented. The final part examines both the positive aspects of the work done and the risks that must be taken into account in the further successful implementation of the assigned tasks.
Latinskaya Amerika. 2024;(10):21-33
21-33
International relations
Economic positions of EU countries in Latin America. Spanish and German experiences
摘要
The article aims to provide an analysis of bilateral economic cooperation between the countries of the European Union (EU) and Latin American and Caribbean (LCA). Particular attention is paid to Spain and Germany – countries that in recent years, in the context of the reformatting of the world order, clearly intend to strengthen economic relations with the Latin American region. The article shows, based on a comparative analysis, that the strategies and case studies of these two EU Member states in the LCA differ. The author concludes that some European countries return to Latin America every time when the EU has a special economic need for it.
Latinskaya Amerika. 2024;(10):34-52
34-52
History pages
Discussion on pre-Columbian contacts between East Asia and South America: some anniversaries
摘要
The article reviews the history of the evolution of views on the origins of pottery on the South American continent, since the birth of the Jomon-Valdivia hypothesis and the events that preceded and contributed to it, the reports and participants of the 31st International Congress of Americanists in 1954, dedicated to the cultures of the Pacific coast. Special attention is paid to the research of the Real Alto site in 1974 and, for this reason, new versions of the origin of ceramics in South America and the contribution of Russian scientists to this discussion.
Latinskaya Amerika. 2024;(10):53-64
53-64
Relations between the USSR and Latin America by the view of soviet diplomat Yuri Pavlov
摘要
The article examines a historical source of personal origin – an interview with former Soviet diplomat Yuri Ivanovich Pavlov, given by him in 1999 to the US National Security Archive. Diplomats are the guides of the state's foreign policy. Their role has been high at all times, it became especially important during the Cold War, when the fate of the whole world depended on the activities of diplomats of two antagonistic blocs – NATO and the ATS. If such sources from NATO countries are presented in sufficient detail and relatively everywhere, then in the case of our country the situation is completely different. Diplomats and employees of the foreign ministry do not leave and/or publish any of their memories or give interviews very often. Therefore, the study of sources left over from diplomats is incredibly important for understanding exactly how employees of foreign ministries treated their work, assessed the actions of their countries, and, in general, reflected. There are not many published sources left from the diplomats of the Soviet period, especially the Cold War period, especially those diplomats who were connected with Latin America. Thus, the interest in Yuri Pavlov's interview increases even more. The interview gives a view from the side of a diplomat with 37 years of experience on the entire foreign policy of the USSR in Latin America from the founding of the country to the collapse of the state. Also, in the responses of Yuri Pavlov, the sentiments of that group of diplomats who were disappointed in the Soviet Union and its policies both inside and outside the country resonated. Pavlov's life itself shows how the community of diplomats changed in their views: from convinced communists in the 1950s. (and Pavlov's service began in 1954), before the liberals-"sixties", who treat their Homeland as negatively as possible.
Latinskaya Amerika. 2024;(10):65-78
65-78
Culture
Utopian discourse in Latin American culture
摘要
The paper considers the utopian discourse in Latin American culture late XX — early XXI centuries. The interpretation of utopia as one of the markers of Latin American identity forces us to pay special attention to this phenomenon. The analysis of the Latin American utopian tradition demonstrates the intensity of utopian thinking on the continent, as well as the productivity of its comprehension in the works of Latin American authors. The conceptual growth of the general Latin American reflection on utopia is associated with its practical aspect, which is at odds with the Anglo-Saxon tradition of thought perpetuating utopia as a literary genre. The methodology of textual and cross-cultural analysis used in the article made it possible to identify the main names (A.Reyes, A. A. Roig, G. Cerutti Guldberg, F. Ainsa and others) and original images and concepts that are inherent in the Latin American tradition (“laboratory of European utopias”, “utopia for others” and “our right to utopia”, “utopian function”). As well as it is possible to reveal research paradigms and scientific schools.
Latinskaya Amerika. 2024;(10):79-92
79-92
Evgeny Evtushenko's Latin American tour (1968). Uruguay. Colombia. “The conquest of souls”
摘要
In 1967—1968. Yevgeny Yevtushenko was on a large Latin American tour, performing for five months in Chile, Uruguay, Colombia and Mexico. In the present article we continue to publish the poet's report from this tour with our comments. The report was written in the spring of 1968 for the internal use of the Soviet Writers' Union, which of course implied that the document would be passed on to the Central Committee, a fact of which the poet was well aware. After friendly Chile (see Latin America, 2024, no.5), Yevtushenko describes the countries less familiar to Soviet cultural diplomacy, Uruguay and Colombia, where “the conquest of souls who are subtly reaching out to us” was still to be achieved. He writes considerably less about both countries than about Chile: the former because of his short stay, and the latter probably because much of his time in Colombia was taken up by personal relations, which he could not in any way confess to the Writers' Union, let alone to the Central Committee.
Latinskaya Amerika. 2024;(10):93-105
93-105
Scientific life
Civil society in Latin America and the world: the experience of discussion
摘要
We present to the readers' attention a review of the introductions of the participants of the "Round Table" dedicated to the activities and international cooperation of civil society organizations in Latin America and the modern world.
Latinskaya Amerika. 2024;(10):106-110
106-110