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Vol 72, No 2 (2017)
- Year: 2017
- Articles: 6
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/0147-6874/issue/view/10680
Environmental and Food Safety
Creating a stimulator to increase sowing qualities of seeds on the basis of yeast autolysate
Abstract
The use of yeast autolysate as a stimulant to accelerate the development of seeds leads to activation of development processes in the seeds and in epiphytic and endophytic microorganisms. The method of seed treatment has a great influence on the direction of action of biofertilizers. A biofertilizer based on brewer’s yeast autolysate (BYA), containing 0.5–1% of live yeast cells, appears to be a promising stimulant of development during presowing seed treatment. A complex biofertilizer based on BYA and containing gibberellins and humates has been developed. Its suspensions have good operational properties and stable effectiveness in application.
51-60
Foliar treatment of barley by sodium selenium in controlled conditions
Abstract
The effects of various selenium concentrations on crop formation, grain quality, and nitrogen and selenium accumulation in spring barley grown on sod–podzolic soil were studied in experiments on vegetation. Optimal amounts of the element were established taking into account different levels of mineral nutrition (NPK) for enriching barley production. Positive effects of selenium on yield, grain quality, and other features of its action on plants were noted. The key role of mineral fertilizers in the effectiveness of foliar treatment of barley was studied.
61-65
Some aspects of evaluation of the role of soils as a shielding medium from ionizing-radiation
Abstract
This article discusses the evaluation of the role of soil as a medium that attenuates doses of radiation during the determination of ecosystem service costs. Some problems of simulation of doses of radiation in terrestrial ecosystems are also considered. An algorithm of the description of the establishment of doses of radiation to living organisms in the soil, on its surface, or at some distance from it is proposed. This algorithm makes it possible to take into account the migration of radioactive substances in a certain volume of soil and the irregularity of its shielding properties. The possibility of connection of the module of the dynamics of soil moisture is shown. A version of the simulation model—namely, DoseMod_3D_soil—is given as an example of implementation of the algorithm.
66-70
Ecotoxicological assessment of nickel pollution of soil and water environments adjacent to soddy–podzolic soil
Abstract
The indicators of functioning of soil microorganisms in soddy–podzolic soil contaminated with Ni compounds show different ranges of soil ecotoxicity. A halving of soil microorganisms' nitrogen-fixing activity has been shown in slightly acidic soddy–podzolic cultivated soil with a Ni concentration of 150 mg/kg and for noncultivated acidic soils with a Ni concentration 100 mg/kg. The reduction of denitrification activity in cultivated soil has been observed with a Ni concentration of 500 mg/kg, and in uncultivated soil it has been observed at a Ni dose of 100 mg/kg. The inhibition of soil respiration in slightly acidic soil occurred only at the highest dose of Ni, 1000 mg/kg, while in the acidic soil it took place at 300 mg/kg. Biotesting based on bacterial luminescence can be used for determination of soil pollution with heavy metals such as Ni, as well as for the assessment of the toxicity of aqueous environments in contact with contaminated soils.
71-77
Selective phytoamelioration of soils in Kursk oblast
Abstract
Data on zinc accumulation by saperda mustard and common barley grown on typical chernozem (Voronic Chernozems) and gray forest soil (Greyic Phaeozems Albic) in Kursk oblast are given. The revealed high phytoextraction capability of saperda mustard on gray forest soil depends on the content of total and available zinc. It has been found that the accumulation capability of common barley is similar on both soil types. The phytoextraction rate of the root systems of the studied plants is greater than that of their sprouts. Biological removal of zinc from soil by plants is up to 4.46 kg/ha. Saperda mustard and common barley are potential phytoremediation plants for zinc-contaminated gray forest soil and typical chernozem.
78-83
Some geochemical features of soils formed under conditions of abandoned mercury deposits in Krasnodar Krai
Abstract
Geochemical features of soils formed under conditions of abandoned cinnabar deposits in the Northwest Caucasus were studied for the first time. It was shown that the predominant elements in them are represented by titanium and manganese in the group of lithophilic elements, nickel and cobalt among siderophilic elements, and zinc and copper among chalcophilic elements. Similar regularities were revealed for the ash composition of tree species. Despite the fact that the modern soil cover is formed on various features of mesotopography, the content of elements is slightly contrasting.
84-91