Development and verification of a virtual prototype of a vehicle

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Methods of mathematical modelling are widely used in vehicle development. In order to study vehicle dynamics, stability and handling, as well as to accelerate and to reduce the cost of on-board software development, it is necessary to build a digital twin which contains description of special motion of a vehicle with models of units and subsystems as parts of the vehicle.

AIMS: Development and verification of a virtual prototype of a vehicle.

METHODS: Development of the virtual prototype and vehicle modelling were done in the MATLAB/Simulink software package. Main derivation of the equations necessary to build the models of vehicle’s units and subsystems is given. Verification testing was conducted using special measuring equipment.

RESULTS: The vehicle virtual prototype containing description of combined dynamics of bodyframe, transmission elements, suspension and wheels was developed. Comparison of results of field and virtual testing was made in order to confirm operability and adequacy of the virtual prototype. Main graphs showing dynamics of real and virtual vehicles are presented.

CONCLUSIONS: Practical value of development and study lies in ability of using a virtual prototype in vehicle dynamic studies and development of on-board control systems.

About the authors

Mikhail M. Zhileykin

KAMAZ Innovation Center; Moscow Polytechnic University

Author for correspondence.
Email: jileykin_m@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8851-959X
SPIN-code: 6561-3300

Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Head of the Engineering Calculations Group, Professor of the Advanced Engineering School of Electric Transport

Russian Federation, 62 Bolshoy boulevard, Skolkovo Innovation Center, 121205 Moscow; Moscow

Akop V. Antonyan

KAMAZ Innovation Center; Moscow Polytechnic University

Email: AntonyanAV@kamaz.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5566-6569
SPIN-code: 4797-9808

Cand. Sci. (Tech.), Lead Software and Simulation Engineer, Associate Professor of the Advanced Engineering School of Electric Transport

Russian Federation, 62 Bolshoy boulevard, Skolkovo Innovation Center, 121205 Moscow; Moscow

Yury M. Furletov

Moscow Polytechnic University

Email: yury.furletov@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7131-0933
SPIN-code: 4919-9869

Cand. Sci. (Tech.), Associate Professor of the Advanced Engineering School of Electric Transport

Russian Federation, Moscow

References

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Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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1. JATS XML
2. Fig. 1. Spacing of coordinate systems.

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3. Fig. 2. Euler–Krylov angles: φ, ψ, θ — pitch, roll, yaw angles.

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4. Fig. 3. Analytical scheme of reaction and velocities acting in a contact patch.

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5. Fig. 4. Analytical scheme of elastic wheel rolling on uneven and non-deformable ground surface.

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6. Fig. 5. Graphs of the μs(sk) function at various values µsα.max and s0 for cohesive soils: а) µsα.max = 0,6; s0 = 0,0458; s1 = 0,0864; b) µsα.max = 0,6; s0 = 0,1373; s1 = 0,2539.

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7. Fig. 6. Ellipsis of friction.

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8. Fig. 7. Analytical scheme of lateral force acting at an elastic wheel.

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9. Fig. 8. Analytical scheme of suspension.

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10. Fig. 9. The Toyota Prius Hybrid during the events.

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11. Fig. 10. The vehicle motion route.

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12. Fig. 11. Path of the center of gravity of the mathematical model of the vehicle’s digital twin.

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13. Fig. 12. Comparison of vehicle motion indicators: a) longitudinal acceleration; b) lateral acceleration; c) yaw rate.

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