Том 73, № 7-8 (2016)

Melting of glass powder, decomposition of the carbonate foaming agent, and porization of melt with different rates of heating were studied in order to determine the optimal parameters of the technological process of foam glass formation. It is shown that a high rate of heating is preferable from the standpoint of foaming efficiency and reduction of the heat-treatment time.

A method is proposed for obtaining silver-containing iodine sorbents by deposition of silver on a porous cellular ceramic by chemical reduction from solution and subsequent transformation of the silver into an oxidized form. The thermal stability of certain silver compounds is studied. The sorption capacity of the obtained composite sorbents containing different silver compounds is determined in terms of radioactive methyl iodide.

The possibility of enhancing the dielectric properties of ceramic by introducing into the batch nanosize particles of pyrogenic silicon dioxide (aerosil) is examined. It is shown that the introduction of this additive at 5 wt.% enhances strength, decreases open porosity and water absorption, and improves the centimeter-microwave range permittivity.

Materials with nanosize oxide additive aluminum garnet were obtained by liquid-phase sintering. SiC and Si₃N₄ based materials were sintered at temperatures 100°C below the sintering of materials with addition of micron-size oxide powders. High mechanical properties were obtained: σ_b = 540 MPa, K_1C = 5.5 MPa·m^1/2, HV = 20.1 GPa for SiC-based materials and σ_b = 650 MPa, K_1C = 6.4 MPa·m^1/2, HV = 17.2 GPa for Si₃N₄-based materials.

The existing relations describing capillary inhibition in porous materials based on an ideal model and mercury porosimetry data are analyzed. It is shown that in transitioning from the hydraulic radius of an ideal model to the hydraulic radius of a capillary-porous material the tortuosity and narrowing (widening) of capillaries, the increase in temperature associated with sorption of water vapor, and the variation of the water viscosity as a function of the hydraulic radius of the capillary must be taken into account. The experimental data are used to make a quantitative evaluation of these effects. On this basis a relation is proposed for determining the hydraulic radius of the porous structure of the ceramic materials used for construction articles.

The particularities of the design of returnable-cullet line for cullet formed at the ‘hot’ and ‘cold’ ends in the production of glass containers are examined. Different variants of the arrangement of the technological equipment, intended for recovering glass waste, are presented. The operation of the equipment used for comminution of cullet is analyzed and some technical decisions for storing and batching cullet are analyzed.

The composition of reflective coatings for gas-discharge light sources of different types and the manufacturing technologies involved are described. The results of experimental investigations are presented and the compositions of experimentally selected coatings for metal-halide and sulfur high-frequency lamps are given.

The ceramic mix compositions were developed for the production of clinker articles based on unenriched kaolin and nanotechnogenic raw material in the form sludge from alkaline etching of aluminum and its alloys from the Samara Metallurgical Plant. Clinker ceramic articles differing from other ceramic materials by higher mechanical strength and other physical-mechanical indices were developed.

Research on the structure of vanadium-containing glaze coatings obtained using spent vanadium catalysts from sulfuric acid production is reported. The chemical and phase compositions of glazes are studied. The colored glazes developed can be used in enterprises producing stove tiles, majolica, and artistic ceramic articles.

A technological complex was developed in order to remove clay minerals, iron oxide, and fractions heavier than 2.9 tons/m³ from glass quartz sands. The basis of the scheme of the apparatus chain of the complex consists of a trammel screen with a new design, jigs, and concentration tables with electromagnetic inductors. It was shown under laboratory conditions that sand in the highest demand — VS-030-V grade — was obtained from sands containing (by weight): 97.32% SiO₂, 0.92% Al₂O₃, 0.43% Fe₂O₃, 0.11% TiO₂, and 0.04% Cr₂O₃. A distinguishing feature of the technological scheme of gravity separation of sands is the counterflow motion of the initial feed and the heavy fraction.

The thermal properties and phase compositions of zeolite from the Vanginskoe and Kulikovskoe deposits in Amur Oblast were studied by means of x-ray diffraction. The temperature interval for the existence of the zeolite structure in these deposits was determined. A scheme for obtaining zeolite concentrated was tested.