Markers of viral hepatitis E (Hepeviridae, Orthohepevirus, Orthohepevirus A) in the imported Old World monkeys

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Abstract

Introduction. Viral hepatitis E is a zooanthroponotic disease that occurs in humans and various animals, including monkeys. It is caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) (Hepeviridae, Orthohepevirus: Orthohepevirus A), for which 8 genotypes have been described to date. Among them, strains of genotypes 1 and 2 have been isolated from humans, strains of genotypes 3 and 4 from humans and animals, and strains of genotypes 5–8 from animals only. The main threat of the disease is associated with the documented zoonotic transmission of HEV genotypes 3, 4, 7, and 8, to humans through infected meat, blood and milk. Thus, monkeys could be involved in the transmission of HEV.

The aim of this work was to study serological and molecular genetic markers of HEV infection in strepsirrhines (Old World monkeys, Cercopithecoidea), imported to the Adler Primate Center from various regions of the world (Tanzania, Vietnam, Mauritius).

Material and methods. Fecal (n = 224) and blood serum samples (n = 395) from cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) and vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) were examined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results and discussion. The data obtained show the high detection rate (51.8%) of IgG antibodies to HEV among 5 groups of cynomolgus monkeys imported from Vietnam, with a predominance of highly reactive sera (84%). High detection rate of IgM antibodies in these animals (10.4%) was observed, with the large number of IgM-reactive sera in one particular group of animals (36.8%). The fact of detection of HEV RNA in two groups of cynomolgus monkeys (11.9% and 5.7%) is of particular importance. All HEV sequences of isolated from monkeys belonged to genotype 4.

Conclusion. Our data indicate that monkeys (in particular, cynomolgus monkeys) can serve as a natural reservoir of HEV genotype 4 for humans. This requires an appropriate set of anti-epidemic measures in a number of situations.

About the authors

D. I. Dogadov

FSBRI «Research Institute of Medical Primatology» of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: dima_loko86@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1596-0509

Dmitriy I. Dogadov, Ph.D. (Biol.), Researcher of the Laboratory of Infection Virology.

354376, Sochi

Russian Federation

L. I. Korzaya

FSBRI «Research Institute of Medical Primatology» of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia

ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2259-5773

354376, Sochi

Russian Federation

K. K. Kyuregyan

FSBRI «I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera»; FSBEI FPE «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of Russia

ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3599-117X

105064, Moscow
125993, Moscow

Russian Federation

A. A. Karlsen

FSBRI «I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera»; FSBEI FPE «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of Russia

ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6013-7768

105064, Moscow
125993, Moscow

Russian Federation

M. I. Mikhailov

FSBRI «I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera»; FSBEI FPE «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of Russia

ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6636-6801

105064, Moscow
125993, Moscow

Russian Federation

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