Epidigmatics of international lexemes пилот/рilot in comparative aspect (on the material of slavic languages)
- Authors: Shkapenko T.M.1, Dudurich O.V.1
-
Affiliations:
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
- Issue: No 2 (2024)
- Pages: 105-115
- Section: Articles
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/0869-544X/article/view/258413
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869544X24020097
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/zdcvhk
- ID: 258413
Open Access
Access granted
Abstract
The paper аnalyses the process of development of polysemy of international lexemes pilot/пилот on the material of Polish and Russian languages. On the basis of the analysis of word definitions in lexicographic sources of different historical periods their topological structures are characterised. Comparison of lexemes’ epidigmatics in synchronic and diachronic perspective becomes the basis for identifying universal and linguistically specific features in their semantic evolution. A common tendency for the two Slavic languages is the emergence of new lexical-semantic variants as a result of specialisation of the primary meaning. Under the influence of extralinguistic factors, they begin to denote varieties of professions, depending on the vehicle being driven. The peculiarities of the development of the semantics of the word pilot in Polish include the emergence of meanings based on the metaphorical transfer from human to device («autopilot» and «remote control»), as well as on the transfer from the field of transport means driving to the cultural and entertainment sphere («tour guide»). Differences in the development of the semantics of lexemes are also characteristic for the current stage of their evolution under the influence of the processes of Anglobalisation. In Polish, the lexeme pilot starts to be used in the sense of video announcement in parallel with the autochthonous lexeme zwiastun; in Russian, the Anglo-semantism trailer functions in this sense. The innovative meaning of the lexeme pilot «experimental testing to reveal the effectiveness of an object» is transferred from English in the form of similar combinations пилотный проект and projekt pilotażowy, which in Polish functions simultaneously with the polonised variant wdrożenie pilotażowe.
Full Text
About the authors
Tatyana M. Shkapenko
Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
Author for correspondence.
Email: TShkapenko@kantiana.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6892-4205
DSc. (Philology), Assistant Professor, Professor
Russian Federation, KaliningradOlga V. Dudurich
Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
Email: OLVDudurich@kantiana.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-3191-8074
Postgraduate Student
Russian Federation, KaliningradReferences
- Banko М. Pilotowy czy pilotażowy? Słownik języka polskiego. Słowotwórstwo, 2003. Available at: https://sjp.pwn.pl/poradnia/haslo/pilotowy-czy-pilotazowy;3166.html (accessed: 14.08.23).
- CD – Collins Online Dictionary. Available at: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/ (accessed: 14.08.23).
- Etimologicheskij onlajn-slovar russkogo yazyka Shanskogo N. M. Available at: https://lexicography.online/etymology/shansky/gid (accessed 14.08.23). (In Russ.)
- Fasmer M. Etimologicheskij slovar russkogo yazyka, t. I–IV, per. s nemeckogo O. N. Trubacheva, s dop., pod red. i s pred. prof. B. A. Larina. Pervoe russkoyazychnoe izdanie – Moscow, 1964–1973; vtoroe – 1986–1987, t. 3: Muza – Syat. (In Russ.)
- Gorbov A. A. K voprosu o semanticheskom kal’kirovanii i «vtorichnom zaimstvovanii» v russkom yazyke rubezha XX–XXI vekov. Voprosy yazykoznaniya, 2015, no. 1, pp. 87–101. (In Russ.)
- Malinowski M. Pilot. Obcy język polski. Blog o poprawnej polszczyźnie od roku 2002. Available at: https://obcyjezykpolski.pl/pilot/ (accessed: 10.08.23).
- Markowski A. Jawne i ukryte zapożyczenia leksykalne w mediach, Język w mediach masowych, Warszawa, 2000, pp. 96–111.
- Novye slova i znacheniya: slovar-spravochnik po materialam pressy i literatury 90-h godov XX veka: v 3 t. [T. N. Buceva, E. N. Gekkina, Yu. F. Denisenko, O. M. Kareva, A. Yu. Kozhevnikov, N. A. Kozulina, E. A. Levashov, S. D. Levina, Yu. S. Rideckaya, E. P. Snegova, N. G. Stulova, E. N. Shagalova]; pod red. T. N. Bucevoj (otv. red.) i E. A. Levashova; In-t lingvisticheskih issledovanij RAN, t. 3: Parkomat – Ya, St. Petersburg, Dmitrij Bulanin Publ., 2014, 1360 p. (In Russ.)
- Ozhegov S. I. Tolkovyi slovar’ russkogo yazyka: okolo 100 000 slov, terminov i frazeologicheskikh vyrazhenii, S. I. Ozhegov, pod red. L. I. Skvortsova, 26-e izd., ispr. i dop., Moscow, Oniks Publ. [i dr.], 2009, 1359 . (In Russ.)
- Paducheva E. B. Dinamicheskie modeli v semantike leksiki. Moscow, Yazyki slavyanskoi kul’tury (Studia philologica) Publ., 2004, 608 p. (In Russ.)
- Popova S. B. Lingvisticheskie determinanty formirovaniya obraza uspeha: na materiale russkogo i polskogo yazykov: dis. … kand. filol. Nauk. BFU im. I. Kanta, Kaliningrad, 2022, 199 p. (In Russ.)
- Shkapenko T. M., Dmitrovskaya M. A. Funktsionirovanie angloyazychnykh zaimstvovanii v nauchno-obrazovatel’nom diskurse sovremennogo pol’skogo yazyka. Filologiya, pedagogika, psikhologiya, 2021, no 3, pp. 22–30. (In Russ.)
- Shmelev D. N. Problemy semanticheskogo analiza leksiki. D. N. Shmelev. 2-e izd., ster. Moscow, KomKniga Publ., 2006, 280 p. (In Russ.)
- SJPD – Słownik języka polskiego, pod red. W. Doroszewskiego, t. I–XI, Warszawa, PWN Publ., 1997.
- «Svoe» vs «chuzhoe» v diskursivnykh praktikakh sovremennogo russkogo yazyka: monografiya, pod red. N. G. Babenko, T. M. Shkapenko, Kaliningrad, Izd-vo BFU im. I. Kanta Publ., 2019, 345 p. (In Russ.)
- SWJPD – Słownik współczesnego języka polskiego, red. B. Dunaj, Warszawa, Wilga Publ., 1996, 1437 p.
- Ushakov D. N. Bol’shoi tolkovyi slovar’ sovremennogo russkogo yazyka: 180000 slov i slovosochetanii. D. N. Ushakov, Moscow, Al’ta-Print [i dr.] Publ., 2007, 1239 p. (In Russ.)
- Witalisz A. Anglosemantyzmy w języku polskim, Kraków, Tertium Publ., 2007, 342 p.
- Zaliznyak A. A. Semanticheskaya derivatsiya v sinkhronii i diakhronii: proekt «Kataloga semanticheskikh perekhodov». Voprosy yazykoznaniya, 2001, no. 2, pp. 13–25. (In Russ.)
