Platinum group minerals from chromite ores of the Rai-Iz ultramafic massif (Polar Ural): new data

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In chromite ores of Central and No. 214 deposits of the Rai-Iz ultramafic massif, which is part of the Khadatinsky ophiolite belt of the Polar Urals, along with previously known platinum group minerals (PGM), native ferrous ruthenium, native ruthenium nickel (iridium-ruthenium), native platinum, new unnamed intermetallic compound (Rh,Pt)3Zn (with Rh content of up to 88 wt %), As-rich disulfides of laurite–erlichmanite series (with As content of up to 4.2 wt %) and unnamed sulfoarsenide with stoichiometric formula (Ir,Os)(S,As) were discovered and characterized for the first time. Grains of native ruthenium with Ru content of up to 80.5 wt % were diagnosed for the first time, against the previously known Ru content of up to 36.8 wt %. The set of PGMs of massif has been expanded from 24 to 31 mineral varieties. It has been shown that diversity of PGMs depends on density of dissemination of chromite ores, degree of their cataclasis and metamorphic transformation. Solid (massive) and noticeably metamorphosed chromite ores exhibit widest and most diverse set of PGMs. The Rai-Iz massif has preserved platinum group complexes that reflect features of upper mantle deep mineral formation. Such early mantle-magmatic formations include native osmium, Ir-containing osmium, native iridium and sulfides (disulfides of the laurite-erlichmanite series, kashinite, and cuproiridsite). Formation of other specific native minerals and intermetallics of PGE, with participation of mobile metals (Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, As) and removal of part of sulfide sulfur, is associated with cataclasis and metamorphic transformation of ore chrome spinels and primary PGM included in them. The identified secondary PGMs were formed mainly in regional-metamorphic (regressive) stage [native ruthenium, ruthenium nickel, unnamed MSS (Ru,Ni,Os,Fe), As-rich disulfides of the laurite-erlichmannite series and unnamed sulfoarsenide (Ir,Os)(S,As)] and, to lesser extent, in contact-metamorphic (progressive) stage (native ferrous ruthenium, native platinum and new intermetallic of rhodium (Rh,Pt)3Zn).

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Sobre autores

А. Yurichev

Tomsk State University

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: juratur@yandex.ru
Rússia, Tomsk

A. Chernyshov

Tomsk State University

Email: juratur@yandex.ru
Rússia, Tomsk

E. Korbovyak

Tomsk State University

Email: juratur@yandex.ru
Rússia, Tomsk

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2. Fig. 1. Schematic geological map of the Rai-Iz massif (after Kucherina et al., 1991), edited by authors. 1 – Quaternary deposits; 2 – undifferentiated Paleozoic volcanogenic-sedimentary complexes; 3 – undifferentiated Proterozoic metamorphic complexes; 4–11 – Voikaro-Rayiz ophiolite complex: 4–5 – dunite-wehrlite-clinopyroxenite structural-material complex (SMC): 4 – undifferentiated dunites, wehrlites, clinopyroxenites; 5 – gabbro, metagabbro; 6–9 – dunite-harzburgite SMC: 6 – depleted harzburgites with dunite component <10 %; 7 – depleted harzburgites with dunite component of 10–30 %; 8 – depleted harzburgites with dunite component >30 %; 9 – dunites with chromium chromospinelides; 10–11 – harzburgite SMC: 10 – undepleted harzburgites with dunite component <10 %; 11 – undepleted harzburgites with dunite component 10–30 %; 12 – faults; 13 – thrusts; 1 4 – chromium ore occurrences; 15 – chromium ore deposits: 15a – open, 15b – studied in this work. The inset shows diagram of the location of the Rai-Iz massif in structure of the Polar Urals. Ultramafic massifs: I – Syum-Keu, II – Kharcheruzsky, III – Rai-Iz, IV – Voykar-Syninsky.

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3. Fig. 2. Microphotographs of moderately disseminated and massive chromite ores from the Central deposit (a–б, sample P-1 and sample P-2, respectively) and deposit No 214 (в–г, sample Y-340/7 and sample Y-325/1, respectively) of the Rai-Iz massif without analyzer (left) and with analyzer (right). Ol – olivine, Serp – serpentine, CrSp – chrome spinel.

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4. Fig. 3. Composition of ore chrom spinels from the Central (ore body No 9) and No 214 deposits of the Rai-Iz massif on ternary classification diagram by N.V. Pavlov (Pavlov, 1949). 1 – chromite, 2 – subferrichromite, 3 – aluminochromite, 4 – subferrialumochromite, 5 – ferrialumochromite, 6 – subaluminoferrichromite, 7 – ferrichromite, 8 – chromopicotite, 9 – subferrichromopicotite, 10 – subalumochromomagnetite, 11 – chromomagnetites, 12 – picotite, 13 – magnetite.

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5. Fig. 4. Microinclusions of minerals of native elements and laurite in moderately disseminated (sample Y-340/7) and massive (sample Y-4/3, sample Y-325/1) chrome ores of deposit No 214, Rai-Iz massif. BSE images.

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6. Fig. 5. Microinclusions of minerals of native elements and their alloys in moderately disseminated (sample R-1) and massive (sample R-2) chrome ores of the Central deposit, in moderately disseminated (sample Y-340/7) and massive (sample Y-325/1) chrome ores of deposit № 214, Rai-Iz massif. BSE images.

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7. Fig. 6. Microphotographs of accessory sulfides and sulfoarsenides of PGE in moderately disseminated (sample R-1) and massive (sample R-2, sample R-4) chrome ores of the Central deposit and in massive (sample Y-325/1) chrome ores of the deposit No 214, Rai-Iz massif. BSE images.

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8. Fig. 7. Ternary diagrams for PGMs from chrome ores of the Rai-Iz massif: composition of native osmium, iridium and ruthenium (1), including those containing Fe, Ni and Cu impurities (2). Immiscibility field according to (Harris, Cabri, 1991) (a); composition of minerals of laurite-erlichmanite series (3), including arsenic-containing varieties (4) (б). Fields of compositions are contoured (red and blue circles – individual analyses) according to data from previous works: red field (Structure.., 1990; Anikina, 1995; Gurskaya et al., 2004;), blue field (Yang et al., 2015; Makeyev, Bryanchaninova, 2017).

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